1. Home
  2. Vol 10, No 10 (2024)
  3. Kadhim

Experimental Study on the Effect of Flow Velocity and Slope on Stream Bank Stability (Part II)

Jawad Kadhim, Mohanned Q. Waheed, Haitham A. Hussein, Saad F. A. Al-Wakel

Abstract


Erosion significantly contributes to the instability of riverbanks. The current study considers the issues of instability and erosion that plague the banks of the Al-Muwahada channel. It was a large irrigation channel located west of Baghdad, Iraq. A laboratory flume was constructed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the erosion process on riverbanks. This flume serves as a scaled-down replica of the Almowahada channel. The main structure of the flume consists of a 3-meter steel construction with dimensions of 1 meter in width and 0.6 meters in height. In order to reduce the high flow velocity, it was periodically linked to quieting tanks with dimensions of 1 meter in width, 1.5 meters in height, and 0.4 meters in thickness. The flume's sidewalls are constructed with plexiglass that is 4 mm in thickness. Furthermore, a water reservoir with a capacity of 1800 liters was introduced into the flume. A riverbank was constructed with two slope angles, one at 45º and the other at 60º. The bank was then subjected to five different velocities. The experimental results indicate the velocity of flow and slope angle of the riverbank are the primary factors that influence the stability of the riverbank. The tipping point between erosion and deposition rises increasingly as the flow velocity increases. The majority of the sediment at the bottom, particularly on the near side of the bank, is the result of bank erosion. As the slope angle of the riverbank approaches 37°, it becomes more stable. The erosion-induced deformation in the riverbank with a slope angle of 45º is greater than that in the riverbank with a slope angle of 60º. The investigation demonstrated that the 45° angle is more susceptible to erosion caused by the flow velocity than the 60° angle.

 

Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-012

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Erosion; Riverbank; Slope Angle; Velocity of Flow; Sediment Deposition.

References


Das, T. K., Haldar, S. K., Sarkar, D., Borderon, M., Kienberger, S., Gupta, I. D., ... & Guha-Sapir, D. (2017). Impact of riverbank erosion: A case study. Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 21(2), 73-81.

Arora, S., & Kumar, B. (2024). The riverbank vegetation for mitigating the adverse effects of sediment dredging. Ecohydrology, 17(5), e2656. doi:10.1002/eco.2656.

Barman, B., Kumar, B., & Sarma, A. K. (2019). Impact of sand mining on alluvial channel flow characteristics. Ecological Engineering, 135, 36–44. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.05.013.

Abbass, Z. D., Maatooq, J. S., & Al-Mukhtar, M. M. (2023). Monitoring and Modelling Morphological Changes in Rivers Using RS and GIS Techniques. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 9(3), 531–543. doi:10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-03-03.

Julien, P. Y. (2010). Erosion and sedimentation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511806049.

Maatooq, J. S., & Adhab, B. A. (2017). Effect of Distance of the Submerged Vanes from the Outer Bank on Sediment Movement within 180° Bend. American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 10(3), 679–684. doi:10.3844/ajeassp.2017.679.684.

Nama, A. H., Abbas, A. S., & Maatooq, J. S. (2022). Field and Satellite Images-Based Investigation of Rivers Morphological Aspects. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 8(7), 1339–1357. doi:10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-07-03.

Couper, P., Stott, T., & Maddock, I. (2002). Insights into river bank erosion processes derived from analysis of negative erosion-pin recordings: Observations from three recent UK studies. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 27(1), 59–79. doi:10.1002/esp.285.

Musa, J. J., Abdulwaheed, S., & Saidu, M. (2010). Effect of Surface Runoff on Nigerian Rural Roads (A Case Study of Offa Local Government Area). AU Journal of Technology, 13(4), 242–248.

Abdulwahd, A. K., & Maatooq, J. S. (2023). Experimental investigation of local scour under two oblong piers of a bridge crossing a sharp bend river. Journal of Water and Land Development, 58, 129–135. doi:10.24425/jwld.2023.146605.

Singer, M. J. & Munns, D. N. (1996) Soils: An Introduction (3rd Ed.). Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, United States.

Abdulwahd, A., & Maatooq, J. (2023). Effect of Bridge Piers Locations and Flow Intensity on Morphological Change in a 180-Degree River Bend. Engineering and Technology Journal, 41(11), 1–11. doi:10.30684/etj.2023.140134.1455.

Yang, C. T. (2006). Reclamation: Managing Water in the West Denver. Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Service Center, Sedimentation and River Hydraulics Group, US Department of Interior, Colorado, United States.

Maatooq, J. S., & Hameed, L. (2019). Identifying the pool-point bar location based on experimental investigation. Journal of Water and Land Development, 43(1), 106–112. doi:10.2478/jwld-2019-0068.

Kimiaghalam, N., Clark, S. P., & Ahmari, H. (2014). An experimental study on the effects of physical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of natural cohesive soils on critical shear stress and erosion rate. International Journal of Sediment Research, 31(1), 1–15. doi:10.1016/j.ijsrc.2015.01.001.

Muhsen, N. A. A., & Khassaf, S. I. (2022). The study of the local scour behaviour due to interference between abutment and two shapes of a bridge pier. Journal of Water and Land Development, 55, 240–250. doi:10.24425/jwld.2022.142327.

Rosgen, D. L. (2001). A stream channel stability assessment methodology. Proceedings of the Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, 25-29 March, 2001, Reno, United States.

Abidin, R. Z., Sulaiman, M. S., & Yusoff, N. (2017). Erosion risk assessment: A case study of the Langat River bank in Malaysia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 5(1), 26–35. doi:10.1016/j.iswcr.2017.01.002.

Kozarek, J. L., Limaye, A. B., & Arpin, E. (2024). Comparing turbulent flow and bank erosion with controlled experiments in a field-scale meandering channel. Geological Society, 540(1), SP540-2023. doi:10.1144/sp540-2023-17.

MOWR. (2022). Directorate of Water Resources of Abu-Ghareeb- Iraq. Ministry of Water Resources, Baghdad, Iraq.

Chanson, H. (2004). Hydraulics of open channel flow (2nd Ed.). Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Li, Q., Wang, L., Ma, X., & Nie, R. (2023). Experimental study of the effects of riverbank vegetation conditions on riverbank erosion processes. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 23(3), 621–632. doi:10.1007/s10652-023-09924-2.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-10-012

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2024 Haitham A. Hussein, Saad F. A. AL-Wakel

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
x
Message