1. Home
  2. Vol 8, No 2 (2022)
  3. Junaid

Investigating the Effect of Gradation, Temperature and Loading Duration on the Resilient Modulus of Asphalt Concrete

Muhammad Junaid, Muhammad Zafar Ali Shah, Ghulam Yaseen, Hammad Hussain Awan, Daud Khan, Muhammad Jawad

Abstract


This research was carried out to assess the effect of aggregate skeleton, temperature variation, and loading duration on the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures. Two different gradation methods, i.e., the conventional method of gradation and the Bailey method of gradation, were adopted to design the aggregate skeleton. The effect of these gradation methods, with temperature and loading duration, on the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete has not been previously investigated. The Modified Marshall Test was used to determine optimum binder content against 4% air voids, and then volumetric and strength parameters were calculated against optimum binder content. For performance tests, specimens were prepared at optimum binder content using a Superpave gyratory compactor. An indirect tensile strength test on both types of mixtures was conducted, and a 20% value of indirect tensile strength was kept for peak load, whereas 10% was kept for seating load for conducting resilient modulus tests. The tests were conducted at 100 and 300 ms duration loads under two different temperatures, i.e., 25 oC and 40 oC. The results declared that aggregate skeleton, temperature, and loading duration have a prominent effect on the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete mixtures. Bailey gradation mixtures disclosed higher resilient modulus values than conventional gradation mixtures. Higher values of resilient modulus were observed for both gradation mixtures at low temperatures and under small duration loads than at high temperatures and large duration loads. The results of the two-way factorial design also confirmed the above findings.

 

Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-07

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Bailey Gradation; Modified Marshall Test; Hot Mix Asphalt; Superpave; Resilient Modulus.

References


Tian, P., Zaman, M. M., & Laguros, J. G. (1998). Gradation and moisture effects on resilient moduli of aggregate bases. Transportation Research Record, 1619(1619), 75–84. doi:10.3141/1619-09.

Demirci, C. (2010). Evaluation of Resilient Modulus Estimation Methods for Asphalt Mixtures Based on Laboratory Measurements. Middle East Technical University, Master Thesis. Available online: http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611846/index.pdf. Website (accessed on September 2021).

Putri, E. E., Rao, N. S. V. K., & Mannan, M. A. (2010). Evaluation of the modulus of elasticity and resilient modulus for highway subgrades. Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 15 M, 1285–1293.

Huang, Y. H. (1993). Pavement analysis and design, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.

Witczak, M. W. (2001). Laboratory Determination of Resilient Modulus for Flexible Pavement Design. TRB’s National Cooperative Highway Research Program, NCHRP. Research Results Digest, 285. doi:10.17226/21960.

Galan, J. J., Silva, L. M., Pasandín, A. R., & Pérez, I. (2020). Evaluation of the resilient modulus of hot-mix asphalt made with recycled concrete aggregates from construction and demolition waste. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(20), 1–14. doi:10.3390/su12208551.

Goli, A., Rachuri, H., Muppireddy, A. R., & Bhushan, P. B. (2019). Effect of loading and rest periods on resilient modulus and time lag of bituminous mixes. International Conference on Transportation and Development 2019: Smarter and Safer Mobility and Cities - Selected Papers from the International Conference on Transportation and Development 2019, 383–394. doi:10.1061/9780784482575.036.

Khodaii, A., Khedmati, M., Haghshenas, H. F., & Khedmati, M. (2014). Statistical evaluation of hot mix asphalt resilient modulus using a central composite design. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 7(6), 445–450. doi:10.6135/ijprt.org.tw/2014.

Hilal, M. (2018). Prediction of Resilient Modulus Model for Wearing Asphalt Pavement Layer. Kufa Journal of Engineering, 09(4), 65–87. doi:10.30572/2018/kje/090405.

Per Ullidtz. (1987). Pavement analysis: Developments in civil engineering. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Lavasani, M., Latifi Namin, M., & Fartash, H. (2015). Experimental investigation on mineral and organic fibers effect on resilient modulus and dynamic creep of stone matrix asphalt and continuous graded mixtures in three temperature levels. Construction and Building Materials, 95, 232–242. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.07.146.

Ghanizadeh, A. R., & Fakhri, M. (2013). Effect of Waveform, Duration and Rest Period on the Resilient Modulus of Asphalt Mixes. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 104, 79–88. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.11.100.

Loulizi, A., Al-Qadi, I. L., Lahouar, S., & Freeman, T. E. (2002). Measurement of vertical compressive stress pulse in flexible pavements: Representation for dynamic loading tests. Transportation Research Record, 1816(1816), 125–136. doi:10.3141/1816-14.

Mahdi, H., & Albayati, A. H. (2020). Model development for the prediction of the resilient modulus of warm mix asphalt. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 6(4), 702–713. doi:10.28991/cej-2020-03091502.

Khan, M. B., Khattak, A., Irfan, M., & Ahmed, S. (2012). Factorial Design Approach to Investigate the Effect of Different Factors on the Resilient Modulus of Bituminous Paving Mixes. ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, 2(11), 1055-1062.

Taherkhani, H., Nejad, F. M., Khodaii, A., & Ahari, A. S. (2017). Investigating the Effects of Temperature and Loading Frequency on the Resilient Modulus of SBS Polymer Modified Asphalt Concrete in Dry and Saturated Conditions. International Journal of Transportation Engineering, 5(1), 1–16.

Hussain, A., Haq, F., Javaid, N., & Khurshid, M. B. (2019). Restricted Zone Of Superpave Mix Design And Its Impact On Resilient Modulus And Permanent Deformation. Stavební Obzor - Civil Engineering Journal, 28(1), 20–31. doi:10.14311/cej.2019.01.0003.

Wibisono, G., & Nikraz, H. R. (2019). Resilient modulus values of Western Australia asphalt pavement. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 615(1), 12129. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/615/1/012129.

Pan, T., Tutumluer, E., & Carpenter, S. H. (2005). Effect of coarse aggregate morphology on the resilient modulus of hot-mix asphalt. Transportation Research Record, 1929(1929), 1–9. doi:10.3141/1929-01.

Neham, S. S., Ali, R. K., & Ashour, H. A. (2018). Evaluation of hot mix asphalt resilient modulus based on aggregate morphological properties. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 433(1), 12002. doi:10.1088/1757-899X/433/1/012002.

Manjunath, K. R., & NB, P. D. (2014). Design of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Bailey Method of Gradation. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 03(06), 386–393. doi:10.15623/ijret.2014.0306072.

Ghuzlan, K. A., Al-Mistarehi, B. W., & Al-Momani, A. S. (2020). Rutting performance of asphalt mixtures with gradations designed using Bailey and conventional Superpave methods. Construction and Building Materials, 261(119941). doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119941.

AASHTO. T-19. (1996). Resistance to degradation of small-size coarse aggregate by abrasion and impact in the Los Angeles machine. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials: Washington, DC, USA.

ASTM. D4791-10. (2010). Standard test method for flat particles, elongated particles, or flat and elongated particles in coarse aggregate, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.

AASHTO. T. C19. (2014). “Standard Method of Test for Bulk Density (‘Unit Weight’) and Voids in Aggregate”. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, USA.

ASTM A. C127, (1993). Standard test method for specific gravity and absorption of coarse aggregate. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.

AASHTO. (2006). Standard method of test for penetration of bituminous materials, Washington, DC, USA.

AASHTO. T-51 (2009). Standard Method of Test for Ductility of Bituminous Materials, Washington, DC, USA.

AASHTO. T53-09. (2004). Standard method of test for softening point of bitumen (ring-and-ball apparatus), Washington, DC, USA.

AASHTO T-48. (2015). Standard Method of Test for Flash Point of Asphalt Binder by Cleveland Open Cup, Washington, DC, USA.

ASTM. D6926-10. (2010). Standard practice for preparation of bituminous specimens using Marshall apparatus. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.

ASTM. D6931. Standard Test Method for Indirect Tensile (IDT) Strength of Bituminous Mixtures. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.

ASTM D4123. (1995). Standard Test Method for Indirect Tension Test for Resilient Modulus of Bituminous. In Annual Book of American Society for testing materials ASTM Standards (Vol. 82, Issue Reapproved). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-07

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Junaid, Muhammad Junaid, Syed Zafar Ali Shah, Ghulam Yaseen, Hammad Hussain, Daud Khan, Muhammad Jawad

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
x
Message