Properties of High-Performance Concretes made of Black Sand at High Temperature
Vol. 7 No. 1 (2021): January
Research Articles
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To modify high-performance concrete (HPC) fireproofing properties, black sand (BS) was partially substituted as fine aggregate at various levels. This study aims at evaluating the BS reliability in improving HPC durability properties for various construction applications based on its unique heavy minerals. To achieve this, five HPC series blends were setup to substitute fine aggregate independently with BS. Substitution percentages ranged from 15 to 100% with consistent supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) proportion for each gathering. Tests were performed to assess compressive strength before and after fire exposure under various temperatures of 250, 500 and 750 °C at different curing age. Generally, blending FA with BS was better than using SF with BS. Utilizing BS in the range of 15 to 60% as fine aggregate with 10% FA improves HPC fire-insulating properties. Besides, Z1 SEM analysis observed homogenously and compacted HPC microstructure at 250 and 500 °C.
Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091634
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Eltawil, K. A., Tahwia, A. M., Mahdy, M. G., & Abdelraheem, A. H. (2021). Properties of High-Performance Concretes made of Black Sand at High Temperature. Civil Engineering Journal, 7(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091634
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[7] Kurama, Haldun, and Mine Kaya. "Usage of Coal Combustion Bottom Ash in Concrete Mixture.” Construction and Building Materials 22, no. 9 (September 2008): 1922–1928. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.07.008.
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[26] Robert, F., and H. Colina. "The Influence of Aggregates on the Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete Exposed to Fire.” Magazine of Concrete Research 61, no. 5 (June 2009): 311–321. doi:10.1680/macr.2007.00121.
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[28] Pimienta, Pierre, Robert Jansson McNamee, and Jean-Christophe Mindeguia, eds. "Physical Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperature.” RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports (2019). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95432-5.
[29] Torrijos, M.C., G. Giaccio, and R. Zerbino. "Mechanical and Transport Properties of 10years Old Concretes Prepared with Different Coarse Aggregates.” Construction and Building Materials 44 (July 2013): 706–715. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.065.
[30] Tufail, Muhammad, Khan Shahzada, Bora Gencturk, and Jianqiang Wei. "Effect of Elevated Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Limestone, Quartzite and Granite Concrete.” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 17–28. doi:10.1007/s40069-016-0175-2.
[31] Sakr, K., and E. EL-Hakim. "Effect of High Temperature or Fire on Heavy Weight Concrete Properties.” Cement and Concrete Research 35, no. 3 (March 2005): 590–596. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.023.
[2] Jacob, Anoop K., and Nivin Philip. "A Review on High Performance Concrete.” SSRN Electronic Journal (2015): 39-46. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2668127.
[3] Yin, Weisong, Xinping Li, Tao Sun, Jianping Wang, Youzhi Chen, and Ge Yan. "Experimental Investigation on the Mechanical and Rheological Properties of High-Performance Concrete (HPC) Incorporating Sinking Bead.” Construction and Building Materials 243 (May 2020): 118293. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118293.
[4] Shen, Dejian, Xingzuo Liu, Xuan Zeng, Xiaoguang Zhao, and Guoqing Jiang. "Effect of Polypropylene Plastic Fibers Length on Cracking Resistance of High Performance Concrete at Early Age.” Construction and Building Materials 244 (May 2020): 117874. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117874.
[5] Smarzewski, Piotr. "Influence of Silica Fume on Mechanical and Fracture Properties of High Performance Concrete.” Procedia Structural Integrity 17 (2019): 5–12. doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2019.08.002.
[6] A.H.A. Raheem, A.M. Tahwia, and K.A. Eltawil, "Performance of high strength green concrete made utilizing high volumes of supplementary cementing materials Performance of high strength green concrete made utilizing high volumes of supplementary cementing materials”, (2017).
[7] Kurama, Haldun, and Mine Kaya. "Usage of Coal Combustion Bottom Ash in Concrete Mixture.” Construction and Building Materials 22, no. 9 (September 2008): 1922–1928. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.07.008.
[8] Thang, Nguyen Cong, Nguyen Van Tuan, Keun-Hyeok Yang, and Quoc Tri Phung. "Effect of Zeolite on Shrinkage and Crack Resistance of High-Performance Cement-Based Concrete.” Materials 13, no. 17 (August 26, 2020): 3773. doi:10.3390/ma13173773.
[9] Aı̈tcin, P.C. "The Durability Characteristics of High Performance Concrete: a Review.” Cement and Concrete Composites 25, no. 4–5 (May 2003): 409–420. doi:10.1016/s0958-9465(02)00081-1.
[10] Heikal, Mohamed. "Effect of Temperature on the Physico-Mechanical and Mineralogical Properties of Homra Pozzolanic Cement Pastes.” Cement and Concrete Research 30, no. 11 (November 2000): 1835–1839. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00403-8.
[11] Ma, Qianmin, Rongxin Guo, Zhiman Zhao, Zhiwei Lin, and Kecheng He. "Mechanical Properties of Concrete at High temperature”A Review.” Construction and Building Materials 93 (September 2015): 371–383. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.131.
[12] Xu, Y, Y.L Wong, C.S Poon, and M Anson. "Impact of High Temperature on PFA Concrete.” Cement and Concrete Research 31, no. 7 (July 2001): 1065–1073. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(01)00513-0.
[13] Chan, Sammy Yin Nin, Xin Luo, and Wei Sun. "Effect of High Temperature and Cooling Regimes on the Compressive Strength and Pore Properties of High Performance Concrete.” Construction and Building Materials 14, no. 5 (July 2000): 261–266. doi:10.1016/s0950-0618(00)00031-3.
[14] Hager, Izabela, Tomasz Tracz, Jacek Ššliwiński, and Katarzyna Krzemień. "The Influence of Aggregate Type on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Concrete Subjected to High Temperature.” Fire and Materials 40, no. 5 (August 25, 2015): 668–682. doi:10.1002/fam.2318.
[15] Janotka, I., and S. C. Mojumdar. "Thermal Analysis at the Evaluation of Concrete Damage by High Temperatures.” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 81, no. 1 (July 2005): 197–203. doi:10.1007/s10973-005-0767-6.
[16] Pimienta, Pierre, Maria Cruz Alonso, Robert Jansson McNamee, and Jean-Christophe Mindeguia. "Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperatures: Some Highlights.” RILEM Technical Letters 2 (December 29, 2017): 45–52. doi:10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.53.
[17] Castellote, Marta, Cruz Alonso, Carmen Andrade, Xavier Turrillas, and Javier Campo. "Composition and Microstructural Changes of Cement Pastes Upon Heating, as Studied by Neutron Diffraction.” Cement and Concrete Research 34, no. 9 (September 2004): 1633–1644. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(03)00229-1.
[18] Alonso, C., and Lorenzo Fernandez. "Dehydration and rehydration processes of cement paste exposed to high temperature environments." Journal of materials science 39, no. 9 (2004): 3015-3024. doi:10.1023/B:JMSC.0000025827.65956.18.
[19] Arioz, Omer. "Effects of Elevated Temperatures on Properties of Concrete.” Fire Safety Journal 42, no. 8 (November 2007): 516–522. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.01.003.
[20] Georgali, B., and P.E. Tsakiridis. "Microstructure of Fire-Damaged Concrete. A Case Study.” Cement and Concrete Composites 27, no. 2 (February 2005): 255–259. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.02.022.
[21] Ibrahim, Rahel Kh., R. Hamid, and M.R. Taha. "Fire Resistance of High-Volume Fly Ash Mortars with Nanosilica Addition.” Construction and Building Materials 36 (November 2012): 779–786. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.05.028.
[22] El-Hinnawi, Essam, Eglal Niazi, and Yausriya Samy. "Characterıstics of Some Heavy Minerals from Egyptian Black Sands." Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences 2, no. 2 (1989): 147-152.
[23] A. Muhammad, and A. Aly, "Environmental Assessment of Rosetta Area”, Mediterranean Sea Coast - Egypt, (2013).
[24] A. Hebatalrahman, S.I. Zaki, and M. Younis, "Black sands applications in Construction and Building, Multi-Knowledge Electron”. Compr. J. Educ. Sci. Publ. ( MECSJ). (2019): 1–20.
[25] Xiao, Jianzhuang, and H. Falkner. "On Residual Strength of High-Performance Concrete with and Without Polypropylene Fibres at Elevated Temperatures.” Fire Safety Journal 41, no. 2 (March 2006): 115–121. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.11.004.
[26] Robert, F., and H. Colina. "The Influence of Aggregates on the Mechanical Characteristics of Concrete Exposed to Fire.” Magazine of Concrete Research 61, no. 5 (June 2009): 311–321. doi:10.1680/macr.2007.00121.
[27] Nielsen, C. V., and N. Biéanić. "Residual Fracture Energy of High-Performance and Normal Concrete Subject to High Temperatures.” Materials and Structures 36, no. 8 (October 2003): 515–521. doi:10.1007/bf02480828.
[28] Pimienta, Pierre, Robert Jansson McNamee, and Jean-Christophe Mindeguia, eds. "Physical Properties and Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete at High Temperature.” RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports (2019). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95432-5.
[29] Torrijos, M.C., G. Giaccio, and R. Zerbino. "Mechanical and Transport Properties of 10years Old Concretes Prepared with Different Coarse Aggregates.” Construction and Building Materials 44 (July 2013): 706–715. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.065.
[30] Tufail, Muhammad, Khan Shahzada, Bora Gencturk, and Jianqiang Wei. "Effect of Elevated Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Limestone, Quartzite and Granite Concrete.” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials 11, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 17–28. doi:10.1007/s40069-016-0175-2.
[31] Sakr, K., and E. EL-Hakim. "Effect of High Temperature or Fire on Heavy Weight Concrete Properties.” Cement and Concrete Research 35, no. 3 (March 2005): 590–596. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.023.
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