1. Home
  2. Vol 8, No 9 (2022)
  3. Kadhim

Urban Landscape Fragmentation as an Indicator of Urban Expansion Using Sentinel-2 Imageries

Nada Kadhim, Nabil T. Ismael, Nabil M. Kadhim

Abstract


Rapid urbanization in some cities has led to the emergence of numerous subsidiary settlements around their primary cities. Due to this rapid urbanization and growth, there is a great demand for urban land, mostly for commercial, industrial, and residential uses. Urban green spaces and vegetation are at risk due to a large amount of urban land, as seen by a decline in connectivity and increased fragmentation, especially due to land conversion. However, the identification of the spatial and momentary variability in the clustering and fragmentation of vegetation patterns in urban settings has not made full use of local indicators of spatial distribution measurements, such as Baqubah, a city in Iraq. Since it is essential to measure the degree of fragmentation and evaluate urban expansion trajectories consistently, this study proposes a new approach to assessing the anticipated direction of urban extension, using the fragmentation indicator of built-up patterns in urban areas. Sentinel-2 data was used to map the fragmented urban centres and their future extent in the city at a single time point. The proposed method employs indices to capture the initial distribution of spatial patterns of vegetation cover and built-up areas. The main extracted land cover classes, landscape fragmentation performance, and surface density analysis were accomplished in ArcGIS. The results indicate that the entire built-up area in Baqubah has a high degree of fragmentation at 75%, and about 23% of the open space within the urban extent of the city. Two predicted trajectories of urban expansion were also revealed: one may follow the external road direction, while the other is multi-directional, commencing from the edges of the built-up area. The study concludes that the new method is useful for comprehending and assessing urban landscape fragmentation, as well as anticipating its path. This integrated approach to remote sensing and GIS can sufficiently and effectively determine priority urban regions for successful planning and management. In addition, our study's findings highlight the potential of the suggested strategy as a useful spatially explicit method for determining the spatial clustering and fragmentation of urban landscape patterns.

 

Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-04

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Remote Sensing; GIS; Built-up Area; Urban Open Space; Expansion Trajectories; Surface Density; Indices.

References


Kadhim, N., Mourshed, M., & Bray, M. (2016). Advances in remote sensing applications for urban sustainability. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, 1(1), 1–22. doi:10.1007/s41207-016-0007-4.

Kowe, P., Mutanga, O., Odindi, J., & Dube, T. (2020). A quantitative framework for analysing long term spatial clustering and vegetation fragmentation in an urban landscape using multi-temporal landsat data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 88, 102057. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2020.102057.

Angel, S., Parent, J., & Civco, D. L. (2012). The fragmentation of urban landscapes: Global evidence of a key attribute of the spatial structure of cities, 1990-2000. Environment and Urbanization, 24(1), 249–283. doi:10.1177/0956247811433536.

Mitchell, M. G. E., Suarez-Castro, A. F., Martinez-Harms, M., Maron, M., McAlpine, C., Gaston, K. J., Johansen, K., & Rhodes, J. R. (2015). Reframing landscape fragmentation’s effects on ecosystem services. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 30(4), 190–198. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2015.01.011.

Fahrig, L. (2003). Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34, 487–515. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.011802.132419.

Dubois, J., & Cheptou, P. O. (2017). Effects of fragmentation on plant adaptation to urban environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 372(1712). doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0038.

Zambrano, L., Aronson, M. F. J., & Fernandez, T. (2019). The Consequences of Landscape Fragmentation on Socio-Ecological Patterns in a Rapidly Developing Urban Area: A Case Study of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 7(152). doi:10.3389/fenvs.2019.00152.

Wei, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2012). Assessing the fragmentation of construction land in urban areas: An index method and case study in Shunde, China. Land Use Policy, 29(2), 417–428. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2011.08.006.

Li, G., & Li, F. (2019). Urban sprawl in China: Differences and socioeconomic drivers. Science of the Total Environment, 673, 367–377. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.080.

Asabere, S. B., Acheampong, R. A., Ashiagbor, G., Beckers, S. C., Keck, M., Erasmi, S., Schanze, J., & Sauer, D. (2020). Urbanization, land use transformation and spatio-environmental impacts: Analyses of trends and implications in major metropolitan regions of Ghana. Land Use Policy, 96, 104707. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104707.

Li, F., Zhou, T., & Lan, F. (2021). Relationships between urban form and air quality at different spatial scales: A case study from northern China. Ecological Indicators, 121, 107029. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107029.

Benassi, F., Cividino, S., Cudlin, P., Alhuseen, A., Lamonica, G. R., & Salvati, L. (2020). Population trends and desertification risk in a Mediterranean region, 1861-2017. Land Use Policy, 95, 104626. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104626.

Su, S., Wang, Y., Luo, F., Mai, G., & Pu, J. (2014). Peri-urban vegetated landscape pattern changes in relation to socioeconomic development. Ecological Indicators, 46, 477–486. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.06.044.

Dobbs, C., Nitschke, C., & Kendal, D. (2017). Assessing the drivers shaping global patterns of urban vegetation landscape structure. Science of the Total Environment, 592, 171–177. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.058.

Urbieta, P., Fernandez, E., Ramos, L., Méndez Martínez, G., & Bento, R. (2019). A land-cover based urban dispersion indicator suitable for highly dispersed, discontinuously artificialized territories: The case of continental Portugal. Land Use Policy, 85, 92–103. doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.03.048.

Ballantyne, M., Gudes, O., & Pickering, C. M. (2014). Recreational trails are an important cause of fragmentation in endangered urban forests: A case-study from Australia. Landscape and Urban Planning, 130(1), 112–124. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.07.004.

Li, F., & Zhou, T. (2019). Effects of urban form on air quality in China: An analysis based on the spatial autoregressive model. Cities, 89, 130–140. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2019.01.025.

Li, F., Zheng, W., Wang, Y., Liang, J., Xie, S., Guo, S., Li, X., & Yu, C. (2019). Urban Green Space Fragmentation and urbanization: A spatiotemporal perspective. Forests, 10(4). doi:10.3390/f10040333.

Sheng, N., Tang, U. W., & Grydehøj, A. (2017). Urban morphology and urban fragmentation in Macau, china: Island city development in the pearl river delta megacity region. Island Studies Journal, 12(2), 199–212. doi:10.24043/isj.25.

Dai, S., Zuo, S., & Ren, Y. (2020). A spatial database of CO2 emissions, urban form fragmentation and city-scale effect related impact factors for the low carbon urban system in Jinjiang city, China. Data in Brief, 29, 105274. doi:10.1016/j.dib.2020.105274.

Zuo, S., Dai, S., & Ren, Y. (2020). More fragmentized urban form more CO2 emissions? A comprehensive relationship from the combination analysis across different scales. Journal of Cleaner Production, 244, 118659. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118659.

Huang, X., Wang, Y., Li, J., Chang, X., Cao, Y., Xie, J., & Gong, J. (2020). High-resolution urban land-cover mapping and landscape analysis of the 42 major cities in China using ZY-3 satellite images. Science Bulletin, 65(12), 1039–1048. doi:10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.003.

Zhang, Y., Shen, W., Li, M., & Lv, Y. (2020). Assessing spatio-temporal changes in forest cover and fragmentation under urban expansion in Nanjing, eastern China, from long-term Landsat observations (1987–2017). Applied Geography, 117. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102190.

Li, S., & Yang, B. (2015). Introducing a new method for assessing spatially explicit processes of landscape fragmentation. Ecological Indicators, 56, 116–124. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.03.031.

Koroso, N. H., Lengoiboni, M., & Zevenbergen, J. A. (2021). Urbanization and urban land use efficiency: Evidence from regional and Addis Ababa satellite cities, Ethiopia. Habitat International, 117, 102437. doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2021.102437.

Yoo, C., Im, J., Cho, D., Lee, Y., Bae, D., & Sismanidis, P. (2022). Downscaling MODIS nighttime land surface temperatures in urban areas using ASTER thermal data through local linear forest. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 110, 102827. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2022.102827.

Ghosh, S., Kumar, D., & Kumari, R. (2022). Assessing spatiotemporal dynamics of land surface temperature and satellite-derived indices for new town development and suburbanization planning. In Urban Governance. doi:10.1016/j.ugj.2022.05.001.

T. Ismael, N., Awda Mohammed, A., & Majeed Yas, S. (2020). Optimal Land Use Classification for Iraq Cities. Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences, 13(1), 24–33. doi:10.24237/djes.2020.13103.

Zha, Y., Gao, J., & Ni, S. (2003). Use of normalized difference built-up index in automatically mapping urban areas from TM imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(3), 583–594. doi:10.1080/01431160304987.

Kadhim, N., & Mourshed, M. (2018). A shadow-overlapping algorithm for estimating building heights from VHR satellite images. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 15(1), 8–12. doi:10.1109/LGRS.2017.2762424.

Vogt, P., Riitters, K. H., Estreguil, C., Kozak, J., Wade, T. G., & Wickham, J. D. (2007). Mapping spatial patterns with morphological image processing. Landscape Ecology, 22(2), 171–177. doi:10.1007/s10980-006-9013-2.

Angel, S., Parent, J., & Civco, D. L. (2010). The fragmentation of urban footprints: global evidence of sprawl, 1990-2000. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, United States.

Angel, S., Blei, A. M., Parent, J., Lamson-Hall, P., & Galarza Sánchez, N. (2016). Atlas of Urban Expansion− 2016 Edition, Vol. 1: Areas and Densities. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, United States.

Wagtendonk, A. J., & Koomen, E. (2019). An indicator set for capturing long-term open space fragmentation and urban development dynamics. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 76, 178–193. doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2019.04.007.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-09-04

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Nada Kadhim, Nabil T. Ismael, Nabil M. Kadhim

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
x
Message