Field Assessment of Non-nuclear Methods Used for Hot Mix Asphalt Density Measurement
Abstract
Destructive nature along with the associated higher cost of the traditional core method used for hot mix asphalt density measurement has convinced researchers switching to some non-destructive technique for this purpose which is cost efficient as well. Earlier, nuclear density gauges were introduced for this purpose which was non-destructive as well. Since such devices were associated with the use of gamma rays, therefore, leading to safety and health issues. Last decade observed a revolution in asphalt density measurement technique with the evolution of non-nuclear density gauges. This research work is carried out with the objective to determine the efficiency and accuracy of a newly developed non-nuclear density gauge i.e. PQI-380 for field conditions as it needs its thorough evaluation prior to future uses in many of the developing countries including Pakistan. Density data obtained using standard core method and non-nuclear density gauge for 195 location confirms the satisfactory performance of the instrument. Results obtained show that the coefficient of correlation is near to 0.9. which refers to a strong correlation between the density data. Moreover, performance criteria e.g. root mean square error and mean absolute error between the density data set is also very low confirming the good measuring abilities of the device. Instrument performed well for repeatability analysis giving maximum coefficient of variance less than 5 percent.
Keywords
References
Padlo, Patricia T., James Mahoney, Lisa Aultman-Hall, and Scott Zinke. "Correlation of nuclear density readings with cores cut from compacted roadways." Connecticut DOT Report CT-2242-F-05-5 (2005).
Kandhal, Prithvi, and Sanjoy Chakraborty. “Effect of Asphalt Film Thickness on Short- and Long-Term Aging of Asphalt Paving Mixtures.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1535 (January 1996): 83–90. doi:10.3141/1535-11.
S. Xu et al., “Influence of Air Void Content on Moisture Damage Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixtures,” Microelectron. Reliab, vol. 142, no. 12, pp. 2019–2022, 2000.
Varveri, A., S. Avgerinopoulos, C. Kasbergen, A. Scarpas, and A. Collop. “Influence of Air Void Content on Moisture Damage Susceptibility of Asphalt Mixtures.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2446, no. 1 (January 2014): 8–16. doi:10.3141/2446-02.
Caro, Silvia, Eyad Masad, Amit Bhasin, Dallas Little, and Mauricio Sanchez-Silva. "Probabilistic modeling of the effect of air voids on the mechanical performance of asphalt mixtures subjected to moisture diffusion." Asphalt Paving Technology-Proceedings Association of Asphalt Technologists 79 (2010): 221-252.
Luo, Xue, Fan Gu, and Robert L. Lytton. “Prediction of Field Aging Gradient in Asphalt Pavements.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2507, no. 1 (January 2015): 19–28. doi:10.3141/2507-03.
Chevrou, R. B. "La loi tronquée de de Liocourt." In Annales des Sciences Forestières, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 229-239. EDP Sciences, 1990. doi:10.1051/forest:19900304.
Association American of State Highways and Transportaion Officials standards, “AASHTO standards.pdf,” in Part 2A TESTS, Twenty eig., 2008, p. 1059.
Smith, Bryan C., and Brian K. Diefenderfer. “Comparison of Nuclear and Nonnuclear Pavement Density Testing Devices.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2081, no. 1 (January 2008): 121–129. doi:10.3141/2081-13.
Van den Bergh, Wim, Cedric Vuye, Patricia Kara, Karolien Couscheir, Johan Blom, and Philippe Van Bouwel. “The Use of a Non-Nuclear Density Gauge for Monitoring the Compaction Process of Asphalt Pavement.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 236 (September 2017): 012014. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/236/1/012014.
Jadhav, S. V., and K. V. Marathe. “Micellar Enhanced Ultrafiltration: A Comparative Study.” The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 91, no. 2 (December 19, 2011): 311–317. doi:10.1002/cjce.21613.
Sully-Miller Contraction, C. O. "A summary of operational differences between nuclear and non-nuclear density measuring instruments 5." (2000): 1–5.
Romero, Pedro. "Evaluation of non-nuclear gauges to measure density of hot-mix asphalt pavements." Pooled Fund Study Final Report, the University of Utah, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (2002).
Schmitt, Robert L., Chetana Rao, and Harold L. Von Quintus. “Non-nuclear Density Testing Devices and Systems to Evaluate In-place Asphalt Pavement Density. No. 06-12. 2006.
Williams, Stacy G. “Non-nuclear methods for HMA density measurements.”, No. MBTC 2075. Mack-Blackwell Rural Transportation Center, 2008.
Kabassi, Koudous, H. Im, T. Bode, Z. Zhuang, and Y. Cho. "Non-Nuclear Method for HMA density measurements." In Associated Schools of Construction (ASC) 47th Annual International Conference in Omaha, NE. 2011.
Beainy, Fares, Sesh Commuri, and Musharraf Zaman. “Quality Assurance of Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements Using the Intelligent Asphalt Compaction Analyzer.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 138, no. 2 (February 2012): 178–187. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000420.
Rogge, David F., and Michael Adam Jackson. Compaction and measurement of field density for Oregon open-graded (F-Mix) asphalt pavement. No. FHWA-OR-RD-99-26. 1999.
Z. Zhuang, “Effectiveness study of Non-Nuclear Gauge for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Pavement Construction,” 2011.
Araujo, Steven, Bruno Beaucamp, Laurent Delbreilh, Éric Dargent, and Cyrille Fauchard. “Compactness/density Assessment of Newly-Paved Highway Containing Recycled Asphalt Pavement by Means of Non-Nuclear Method.” Construction and Building Materials 154 (November 2017): 1151–1163. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.075.
Leng, Zhen, Zeyu Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Yangyang Wang, Huayang Yu, and Tianqing Ling. “Laboratory Evaluation of Electromagnetic Density Gauges for Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixture Density Measurement.” Construction and Building Materials 158 (January 2018): 1055–1064. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.186.
Abyad, Janine, "Determination of Non-nuclear Alternative to the Nuclear Density Gauge Through Laboratory and Field Testing" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1703.
TransTech Systems. Pavement Quality IndicatorTM Model 301. Operator’s Handbook. Schenectady, NY: TransTech Systems, Inc, (2002).
Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc., “Manual of Operation and Instruction: Model 3241 Series Asphalt Content Gauges”, (2012). Accessed on: https://sportdocbox.com/Scuba_Diving/74311622-Manual-of-operation-and-instruction.html.
S. Farrington, S. Kim, and S. P. Farrington, “Non-Nuclear Density Gauge Comparative Study Draft Final Report Shad M . Sargand,” no. May, 2015.
Leyland, R. and Maharaj, A., “The dielectric constant as a means of assessing the properties of road construction materials,” Proc. 29th South. African Transp. Conf., vol. 0001, no. August, pp. 487–498, 2010.
DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091374
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Shah Zaman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.