Compressive Strength Prediction of Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Silica Fume Using Artificial Intelligence Methods
Abstract
This paper investigates the capability of utilizing Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Gene Expression Programing (GEP) methods to estimate the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete (SCC) incorporating Silica Fume (SF) as a supplementary cementitious materials. In this regards, a large experimental test database was assembled from several published literature, and it was applied to train and test the two models proposed in this paper using the mentioned artificial intelligence techniques. The data used in the proposed models are arranged in a format of seven input parameters including water, cement, fine aggregate, specimen age, coarse aggregate, silica fume, super-plasticizer and one output. To indicate the usefulness of the proposed techniques statistical criteria are checked out. The results testing datasets are compared to experimental results and their comparisons demonstrate that the MARS (R2=0.98 and RMSE= 3.659) and GEP (R2=0.83 and RMSE= 10.362) approaches have a strong potential to predict compressive strength of SCC incorporating silica fume with great precision. Performed sensitivity analysis to assign effective parameters on compressive strength indicates that age of specimen is the most effective variable in the mixture.
Keywords
References
Alyamaç, Kürşat Esat, and Ragip Ince. “A Preliminary Concrete Mix Design for SCC with Marble Powders.” Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 3 (March 2009): 1201–1210. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.012.
Dinakar, P., Kali Prasanna Sethy, and Umesh C. Sahoo. “Design of Self-Compacting Concrete with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag.” Materials & Design 43 (January 2013): 161–169. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2012.06.049.
Boukendakdji, Othmane, El-Hadj Kadri, and Said Kenai. “Effects of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Superplasticizer Type on the Fresh Properties and Compressive Strength of Self-Compacting Concrete.” Cement and Concrete Composites 34, no. 4 (April 2012): 583–590. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.08.013.
Baykal, Gökhan, and Ata Gürhan Döven. “Utilization of Fly Ash by Pelletization Process; Theory, Application Areas and Research Results.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 30, no. 1 (July 2000): 59–77. doi:10.1016/s0921-3449(00)00042-2.
Giovanis, Dimitris G., and Vissarion Papadopoulos. “Spectral Representation-Based Neural Network Assisted Stochastic Structural Mechanics.” Engineering Structures 84 (February 2015): 382–394. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.11.044.
Joseph, Glory, and K. Ramamurthy. “Influence of Fly Ash on Strength and Sorption Characteristics of Cold-Bonded Fly Ash Aggregate Concrete.” Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 5 (May 2009): 1862–1870. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.09.018.
Kayali, O. “Fly Ash Lightweight Aggregates in High Performance Concrete.” Construction and Building Materials 22, no. 12 (December 2008): 2393–2399. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.09.001.
Mohamed, S. Abd El-Aleem. "Activation of granulated blast-furnace slag using lime rich sludge in presence and absence of rice husk ash." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 5, no. 3 (2015): 43-51.
Aiad, I, S Abd El-Aleem, and H El-Didamony. “Effect of Delaying Addition of Some Concrete Admixtures on the Rheological Properties of Cement Pastes.” Cement and Concrete Research 32, no. 11 (November 2002): 1839–1843. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(02)00886-4.
Heikal, M., M.S. Morsy, and I. Aiad. “Effect of Treatment Temperature on the Early Hydration Characteristics of Superplasticized Silica Fume Blended Cement Pastes.” Cement and Concrete Research 35, no. 4 (April 2005): 680–687. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.012.
Aziz, M. Abd El, S. Abd El Aleem, M. Heikal, and H. El Didamony. "Effect of polycarboxylate on rice husk ash pozzolanic cement." Sil. Ind 69 (2004): 9-10.
Gesoğlu, Mehmet, Erhan Güneyisi, and Erdoğan Özbay. “Properties of Self-Compacting Concretes Made with Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Cementitious Blends of Fly Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, and Silica Fume.” Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 5 (May 2009): 1847–1854. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.09.015.
Zhao, Hui, Wei Sun, Xiaoming Wu, and Bo Gao. “The Properties of the Self-Compacting Concrete with Fly Ash and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Mineral Admixtures.” Journal of Cleaner Production 95 (May 2015): 66–74. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.050.
Madandoust, Rahmat, and S. Yasin Mousavi. “Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Metakaolin.” Construction and Building Materials 35 (October 2012): 752–760. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.109.
Hassan, Assem A.A., Mohamed K. Ismail, and Justin Mayo. “Mechanical Properties of Self-Consolidating Concrete Containing Lightweight Recycled Aggregate in Different Mixture Compositions.” Journal of Building Engineering 4 (December 2015): 113–126. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2015.09.005.
Sebastiá, Marta, Iñaki Fernández Olmo, and Angel Irabien. “Neural Network Prediction of Unconfined Compressive Strength of Coal Fly Ash–cement Mixtures.” Cement and Concrete Research 33, no. 8 (August 2003): 1137–1146. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(03)00019-x.
Ünal, Osman, Fuat Demir, and Tayfun Uygunoğlu. “Fuzzy Logic Approach to Predict Stress–strain Curves of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concretes in Compression.” Building and Environment 42, no. 10 (October 2007): 3589–3595. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.10.023.
Yuan, Zhe, Lin-Na Wang, and Xu Ji. “Prediction of Concrete Compressive Strength: Research on Hybrid Models Genetic Based Algorithms and ANFIS.” Advances in Engineering Software 67 (January 2014): 156–163. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.09.004.
Sonebi, Mohammed, and Abdulkadir Cevik. “Genetic Programming Based Formulation for Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Pulverised Fuel Ash.” Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 7 (July 2009): 2614–2622. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.012.
Tanyildizi, Harun, and Abdulkadir Çevik. “Modeling Mechanical Performance of Lightweight Concrete Containing Silica Fume Exposed to High Temperature Using Genetic Programming.” Construction and Building Materials 24, no. 12 (December 2010): 2612–2618. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.05.001.
Nazari, Ali, and Shadi Riahi. “Predicting the Effects of Nanoparticles on Compressive Strength of Ash-Based Geopolymers by Gene Expression Programming.” Neural Computing and Applications 23, no. 6 (August 15, 2012): 1677–1685. doi:10.1007/s00521-012-1127-7.
Nazari, Ali, and F. Pacheco Torgal. “Modeling the Compressive Strength of Geopolymeric Binders by Gene Expression Programming-GEP.” Expert Systems with Applications 40, no. 14 (October 2013): 5427–5438. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2013.04.014.
Sonebi, Mohammed, Abdulkadir Cevik, Steffen Grünewald, and Joost Walraven. “Modelling the Fresh Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Support Vector Machine Approach.” Construction and Building Materials 106 (March 2016): 55–64. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.12.035.
Asteris, Panagiotis G., and Konstantinos G. Kolovos. “Self-Compacting Concrete Strength Prediction Using Surrogate Models.” Neural Computing and Applications (April 28, 2017). doi:10.1007/s00521-017-3007-7.
Pala, Murat, Erdoğan Özbay, Ahmet Öztaş, and M. Ishak Yuce. “Appraisal of Long-Term Effects of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Compressive Strength of Concrete by Neural Networks.” Construction and Building Materials 21, no. 2 (February 2007): 384–394. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.009.
Sarıdemir, Mustafa. “Predicting the Compressive Strength of Mortars Containing Metakaolin by Artificial Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic.” Advances in Engineering Software 40, no. 9 (September 2009): 920–927. doi:10.1016/j.advengsoft.2008.12.008.
Wong, H.S., and H. Abdul Razak. “Efficiency of Calcined Kaolin and Silica Fume as Cement Replacement Material for Strength Performance.” Cement and Concrete Research 35, no. 4 (April 2005): 696–702. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.051.
Poon, C.S., S.C. Kou, and L. Lam. “Compressive Strength, Chloride Diffusivity and Pore Structure of High Performance Metakaolin and Silica Fume Concrete.” Construction and Building Materials 20, no. 10 (December 2006): 858–865. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.07.001.
Turk, Kazim, and Mehmet Karatas. "Abrasion resistance and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete with different dosages of fly ash/silica fume." (2011).
Hassan, Assem A.A., Mohamed Lachemi, and Khandaker M.A. Hossain. “Effect of Metakaolin and Silica Fume on the Durability of Self-Consolidating Concrete.” Cement and Concrete Composites 34, no. 6 (July 2012): 801–807. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.02.013.
Bingöl, A. Ferhat, and İlhan Tohumcu. “Effects of Different Curing Regimes on the Compressive Strength Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Incorporating Fly Ash and Silica Fume.” Materials & Design 51 (October 2013): 12–18. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.03.106.
Wongkeo, Watcharapong, Pailyn Thongsanitgarn, Athipong Ngamjarurojana, and Arnon Chaipanich. “Compressive Strength and Chloride Resistance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing High Level Fly Ash and Silica Fume.” Materials & Design 64 (December 2014): 261–269. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2014.07.042.
Gesoğlu, Mehmet, Erhan Güneyisi, and Erdoğan Özbay. “Properties of Self-Compacting Concretes Made with Binary, Ternary, and Quaternary Cementitious Blends of Fly Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, and Silica Fume.” Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 5 (May 2009): 1847–1854. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.09.015.
Ferreira, Cândida. “Gene Expression Programming in Problem Solving.” Soft Computing and Industry (2002): 635–653. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-0123-9_54.
Ferreira, Cândida.“Gene Expression Programming.” Studies in Computational Intelligence (2006). doi:10.1007/3-540-32849-1.
Najafzadeh, Mohammad, Mohammad Rezaie-Balf, and Ali Tafarojnoruz. “Prediction of Riprap Stone Size Under Overtopping Flow Using Data-Driven Models.” International Journal of River Basin Management (February 21, 2018): 1–8. doi:10.1080/15715124.2018.1437738.
Xu, Kaikuo, Yintian Liu, Rong Tang, Jie Zuo, Jun Zhu, and Changjie Tang. “A Novel Method for Real Parameter Optimization Based on Gene Expression Programming.” Applied Soft Computing 9, no. 2 (March 2009): 725–737. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2008.09.007.
Friedman, Jerome H. “Rejoinder: Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines.” The Annals of Statistics 19, no. 1 (March 1991): 123–141. doi:10.1214/aos/1176347973.
Jekabsons, G. "VariReg: a software tool for regression modeling using various modeling methods, Riga Technical University." (2010).
Rezaie-Balf, Mohammad, Zahra Zahmatkesh, and Sungwon Kim. “Soft Computing Techniques for Rainfall-Runoff Simulation: Local Non–Parametric Paradigm Vs. Model Classification Methods.” Water Resources Management 31, no. 12 (June 1, 2017): 3843–3865. doi:10.1007/s11269-017-1711-9.
Trevor, Hastie, Tibshirani Robert, and Friedman JH. "The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction." (2009): 453-480.
Zhang, Wengang, and Anthony T.C. Goh. “Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines and Neural Network Models for Prediction of Pile Drivability.” Geoscience Frontiers 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 45–52. doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2014.10.003.
Rezaie-Balf, Mohammad, and Ozgur Kisi. “New Formulation for Forecasting Streamflow: Evolutionary Polynomial Regression Vs. Extreme Learning Machine.” Hydrology Research (March 27, 2017): nh2017283. doi:10.2166/nh.2017.283.
DOI: 10.28991/cej-0309193
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 valiollah azizifar, Milad Babajanzadeh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
