Hardness Optimization of Heat Treatment Process of Bucket Teeth Excavator
Abstract
Excavator is heavy equipment that usually used in construction and mining works. Bucket teeth which are located in the tip of bucket excavator are used for digging works. They are easily damaged by direct contact with the media. One of the material used in bucket teeth excavator is mild carbon steel that has carbon content between 0.33%-0.5%. However, the hardness value of this material is not yet meets the standard of bucket teeth excavator so the optimum hardness value based on its heat treatment should be known. Besides that, its tensile, impact strength, and micro structure in optimum condition will also know. Optimization method was done through Taguchi experimental design with L9 orthogonal and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Factors or parameters in this research were heating temperature, holding time, quenching media, and tempering temperature. In this experiment, nine specimens of mild carbon steel were tested by different heating temperatures (850oC, 875oC, 900oC), different holding times (60, 90, and 120 minutes), different quenching medias (oil, water, and salt water), and different tempering temperatures (250oC, 450oC, 650oC). Calculation of Taguchi method and confirmation experiment showed that the optimum parameters of hardness are 875oC heating temperature, 60 minutes holding time, water quenching media, and 250oC tempering temperature. Meanwhile, ANOVA test showed a result that the four factors had an effect on the bucket teeth excavator hardness.
Keywords
References
Dadhinch, S., Bodin, U., Andersson, U., “Key Challenger in Automation of Earth-Moving Machines.” Automation in Construction, Elsevier (2016). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.05.009.
Mehta, G. K., Iyer, V. R., and Dave, J. “Finite Element Analysis and Optimiation of an Excavator Attachments.” Nirma University.
Gábor, L. and István, S. “Bucket and Cutting Tooth Developments for the Bucket Wheel Excavators of Mátra Power Station LLC”, Annals of the University of Petroşani, Mechanical Engineering (2012): 151-162.
Ghodake, B. and More, S. “Analytical Method To Calculate Tooth Pin Failure Of Bucket Tooth Of Excavator In Shearing And Bending.” International Engineering Research Journal, Issue 2 (2015): 4423-4425.
Londhekar, M. S. and Bende, S. B., “A Study of Failure in Excavator Arm.” International Journal of Emerging Trend in Engineering and Development, Vol. 3, Issue 4, (2014).
Shaikh, B. P. and Mulla, A. M. “Analysis of Bucket Teeth of Backhoe Excavator Loader and its Weight Optimization.” International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Vol. 4, Issue 05, (2015).
Ng, Felix. Harding, J. A., and Glass, J. “An Eco-Approach to Optimise Efficiency and Productivity of Hydraulic Excavator.” Journal of Cleaner Production, Elsevier, (2015). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.110
Dagwar, K. S. and Telrandhe, R. G. “Excavator Bucket Tooth Failure Analysis.” International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Vol. 5, Issue 2, (2015).
Fernandes, J. E., et al. “Materials Selection to Escavator Teeth in Mining Industry” Elsevier, (2001). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1648 (01)00624-X.
Kumar, A. et al. “Heat Treatment Parameter Optimization Using Taguchi Technique” International Journal of Scientific Research and Education, Vol. 4, Issue 10, (2016): 5965-5974. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsre/v4i10.07.
Daramola, O.O., Adewuyi, B.O., and Oladele, I.O. “Effects of Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Rolled Medium Carbon Steel.” Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 9, No.8, (2010): 693-708.
Verma, A. and Singh, P. K. “Influence of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of AISI 1040 Steel” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and civil Engineering, Vol. 10, Issue 2, (2013).
Raok, S. et al. “An Overview of Taguchi Method: Evolution Concept and Interdisciplinary Applications” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Vol. 4, Issue 10, (2013).
ASTM E6 – 03, Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing.
Murugan, V. K. and Mathews, P. K. “Optimization of Heat Treatment Process Using Taguchi’s Parameter Design Approach” International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 1 Issue 1, (2013)
Charamouli, S and Eswariah, K. “Optimization of EDM Process Parameters in Machining of 17-4 PH Steel Using Taguchi Method” 5th International Conference of Materials Processing and Characterization, Elsevier, (2016). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.049.
Madhavi, S. K., Sreeramulu, D., and Venkatesh, M., “Evaluation of Optimum Turning Process of Process Parameters Using DOE and PCA Taguchi Method” 5th International Conference of Materials Processing and Characterization, Elsevier, (2016). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.039.
Palaniradja, K., Alagumurthi, N., and Soundararajan, V., “Optimization of Process Variables in Gas Carburizing Process: A Taguchi Study with Experimental Investigation on SAE 8620 and AISI 3310 Steels” (2004).
Zahid, S. K., Khan, A., and Foong, S. H. “Application of Taguchi Method in the Optimization of Injection Moulding Parameter for Manufactuirng Products from Plastic Blend” IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 6, (2010).
Rama Rao, S. and Padmanabhan, G. “Application of Taguchi Methods and ANOVA in optimization of process parameters for metal removal rate in electrochemical machining of Al5Si Ccomposites” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue 3, (2012).
Parashar, V. and Purohit, R. “Investigation of The Effect of The Machining Parameters on Material Removal Rate Using Taguchi Method in End Milling of Steel Grade EN19” 5th International Conference of Materials Processing and Characterization, Elsevier, (2016). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.01.030.
ASTM E18-3, Standard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic Materials.
ASTM E8 – 00B, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials.
ASTM E23 – - 02A, Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials.
DOI: 10.28991/cej-030992
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2018 Sumar Hadi Suryo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.