An Experimental Study on Steel Fiber Effects in High-Strength Concrete Slabs
Vol. 11 No. 1 (2025): January
Research Articles
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Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-013
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Elbialy, S., Elfarnsawy, M., Salah, M., Abdel-Aziz, A., & Ibrahim, W. (2025). An Experimental Study on Steel Fiber Effects in High-Strength Concrete Slabs. Civil Engineering Journal, 11(1), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2025-011-01-013
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[1] Mindess, S. (2019). Developments in the formulation and reinforcement of concrete. Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, United Kingdom. doi:10.1016/C2017-0-03347-5.
[2] Wee, T. H., Chin, M. S., & Mansur, M. A. (1996). Stress-strain relationship of high-strength concrete in compression. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 8(2), 70-76. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1996)8:2(70).
[3] Sarkar, S., Adwan, O., & Munday, J. G. L. (1997). High strength concrete: An investigation of the flexural behaviour of high strength RC beams. Structural Engineer, 75(7), 115–121.
[4] Mansur, M. A., Chin, M. S., & Wee, T. H. (1997). Flexural behavior of high-strength concrete beams. Structural Journal, 94(6), 663-674.
[5] Ashour, S. A., Wafa, F. F., & Kamal, M. I. (2000). Effect of the concrete compressive strength and tensile reinforcement ratio on the flexural behavior of fibrous concrete beams. Engineering Structures, 22(9), 1145–1158. doi:10.1016/S0141-0296(99)00052-8.
[6] Mohammadhassani, M., Akib, S., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M., & Arabnejad Khanouki, M. M. (2014). An experimental study on the failure modes of high strength concrete beams with particular references to variation of the tensile reinforcement ratio. Engineering Failure Analysis, 41, 73–80. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.08.014.
[7] Rashid, M. A., & Mansur, M. A. (2005). Reinforced high-strength concrete beams in flexure. ACI Structural Journal, 102(3), 462–471. doi:10.14359/14418.
[8] Khan, M., & Ali, M. (2016). Use of glass and nylon fibers in concrete for controlling early age micro cracking in bridge decks. Construction and Building Materials, 125, 800–808. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.111.
[9] Khan, M., & Cao, M. (2021). Effect of hybrid basalt fibre length and content on properties of cementitious composites. Magazine of Concrete Research, 73(10), 487–498. doi:10.1680/jmacr.19.00226.
[10] Peng, S., Wu, B., Du, X., Zhao, Y., & Yu, Z. (2023). Study on dynamic splitting tensile mechanical properties and microscopic mechanism analysis of steel fiber reinforced concrete. Structures, 58, 105502. doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105502.
[11] Wu, Z., Shi, C., He, W., & Wang, D. (2016). Uniaxial Compression Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Hybrid Steel Fiber. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(12), 6016017. doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001684.
[12] Wu, Z., Shi, C., He, W., & Wu, L. (2016). Effects of steel fiber content and shape on mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 103, 8–14. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.11.028.
[13] Eswari, S., Raghunath, P. N., & Suguna, K. (2008). Ductility performance of concrete with Dramix steel micro-reinforcement. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 2(3), 243–249.
[14] Atiş, C. D., & Karahan, O. (2009). Properties of steel fiber reinforced fly ash concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(1), 392–399. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.11.002.
[15] Beddar, M. (2008). Development of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete from Antiquity until the Present Day. Proceedings, Int'l Conference Concrete: Construction's Sustainable Option, 35–44.
[16] Nili, M., & Afroughsabet, V. (2010). Combined effect of silica fume and steel fibers on the impact resistance and mechanical properties of concrete. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 37(8), 879–886. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.03.004.
[17] Hadi, M. (2008). An Investigation of the Behaviour of Steel and Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete Slabs. Proceedings. International Conference Concrete Constructions Sustainable Option, July, 8–10.
[18] Hasan-Nattaj, F., & Nematzadeh, M. (2017). The effect of forta-ferro and steel fibers on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete with and without silica fume and nano-silica. Construction and Building Materials, 137, 557–572. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.078.
[19] Que, Z., Tang, J., Wei, H., Zhou, A., Wu, K., Zou, D., Yang, J., Liu, T., & De Schutter, G. (2024). Predicting the tensile strength of ultra-high performance concrete: New insights into the synergistic effects of steel fiber geometry and distribution. Construction and Building Materials, 444, 137822. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.137822.
[20] Mohammadi, Y., Carkon-Azad, R., Singh, S. P., & Kaushik, S. K. (2009). Impact resistance of steel fibrous concrete containing fibres of mixed aspect ratio. Construction and Building Materials, 23(1), 183–189. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.01.002.
[21] Bajgirani, A. G., Moghadam, S., Tafreshi, S. T., Arbab, A., & Razeghi, H. (2016). The Influence of aspect ratio of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning & Sustainable Environment, Istanbul, Turkey.
[22] Gokulnath, V., Ramesh, B., & Sivashankar, S. (2020). Influence of M sand in self-compacting concrete with addition of steel fiber. Materials Today: Proceedings, 22, 1026–1030. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.270.
[23] Wang, J., Dai, Q., Si, R., Ma, Y., & Guo, S. (2020). Fresh and mechanical performance and freeze-thaw durability of steel fiber-reinforced rubber self-compacting concrete (SRSCC). Journal of Cleaner Production, 277, 123180. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123180.
[24] Elbialy, S., El-Latief, A. A., Al-Jabali, H. M., Elsayed, H. A., & Shawky, S. M. M. (2024). Enhancing the Properties of Steel Fiber Self-Compacting NaOH-Based Geopolymer Concrete with the Addition of Metakaolin. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 10(7), 2244–2260. doi:10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-011.
[25] ASTM C33M-18 AC. (2018). Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, ASTM International, Pennsylvania, United States.
[26] Egyptian Standards ES 4756-1. (2013). Chemical, Cement (Part 1), Composition and Specifications. Egyptian Organization For Standard and Quality, Cairo, Egypt.
[27] En197-1. (2004). Composition, specifications, and conformity criteria for common cements. European Standard, European Commission.
[28] ASTM C-1240. (2003). Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures. ASTM International, Pennsylvania, United States.
[29] ASTM C494. (2013). Standard specification for chemical admixtures for concrete. ASTM International, Pennsylvania, United States.
[30] BSI. (1985). Concrete Admixtures: Specifications for Superplasticizing Admixtures. British Standards Institution, London, United Kingdom.
[31] ACI Standard. (1996). Standard practice for selecting proportions for normal, heavyweight, and mass concrete. ACI Manual of Concrete Practice 1996, 1-38.
[32] Katzer, J., & Domski, J. (2012). Quality and mechanical properties of engineered steel fibres used as reinforcement for concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 34, 243–248. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.058.
[33] Shin, S. W., Kang, H., Ahn, J. M., & Kim, D. W. (2010). Flexural capacity of singly reinforced beam with 150 MPa ultra-high-strength concrete. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 17(6), 414–426.
[34] Park, R. (1988). Ductility evaluation from laboratory and analytical testing. Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 2-9 August, 8, 605–616.
[35] Abdul-Ahad, R. B., & Aziz, O. Q. (1999). Flexural strength of reinforced concrete T-beams with steel fibers. Cement and Concrete Composites, 21(4), 263-268. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(99)00009-8.
[36] Pam, H. J., Kwan, A. K. H., & Islam, M. S. (2001). Flexural strength and ductility of reinforced normal-and high-strength concrete beams. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 146(4), 381-389. doi:10.1680/stbu.2001.146.4.381.
[37] Bernardo, L. F. A., & Lopes, S. M. R. (2004). Neutral Axis Depth versus Flexural Ductility in High-Strength Concrete Beams. Journal of Structural Engineering, 130(3), 452–459. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2004)130:3(452).
[2] Wee, T. H., Chin, M. S., & Mansur, M. A. (1996). Stress-strain relationship of high-strength concrete in compression. Journal of materials in civil engineering, 8(2), 70-76. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1996)8:2(70).
[3] Sarkar, S., Adwan, O., & Munday, J. G. L. (1997). High strength concrete: An investigation of the flexural behaviour of high strength RC beams. Structural Engineer, 75(7), 115–121.
[4] Mansur, M. A., Chin, M. S., & Wee, T. H. (1997). Flexural behavior of high-strength concrete beams. Structural Journal, 94(6), 663-674.
[5] Ashour, S. A., Wafa, F. F., & Kamal, M. I. (2000). Effect of the concrete compressive strength and tensile reinforcement ratio on the flexural behavior of fibrous concrete beams. Engineering Structures, 22(9), 1145–1158. doi:10.1016/S0141-0296(99)00052-8.
[6] Mohammadhassani, M., Akib, S., Shariati, M., Suhatril, M., & Arabnejad Khanouki, M. M. (2014). An experimental study on the failure modes of high strength concrete beams with particular references to variation of the tensile reinforcement ratio. Engineering Failure Analysis, 41, 73–80. doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.08.014.
[7] Rashid, M. A., & Mansur, M. A. (2005). Reinforced high-strength concrete beams in flexure. ACI Structural Journal, 102(3), 462–471. doi:10.14359/14418.
[8] Khan, M., & Ali, M. (2016). Use of glass and nylon fibers in concrete for controlling early age micro cracking in bridge decks. Construction and Building Materials, 125, 800–808. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.08.111.
[9] Khan, M., & Cao, M. (2021). Effect of hybrid basalt fibre length and content on properties of cementitious composites. Magazine of Concrete Research, 73(10), 487–498. doi:10.1680/jmacr.19.00226.
[10] Peng, S., Wu, B., Du, X., Zhao, Y., & Yu, Z. (2023). Study on dynamic splitting tensile mechanical properties and microscopic mechanism analysis of steel fiber reinforced concrete. Structures, 58, 105502. doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105502.
[11] Wu, Z., Shi, C., He, W., & Wang, D. (2016). Uniaxial Compression Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Concrete with Hybrid Steel Fiber. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(12), 6016017. doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001684.
[12] Wu, Z., Shi, C., He, W., & Wu, L. (2016). Effects of steel fiber content and shape on mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 103, 8–14. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.11.028.
[13] Eswari, S., Raghunath, P. N., & Suguna, K. (2008). Ductility performance of concrete with Dramix steel micro-reinforcement. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 2(3), 243–249.
[14] Atiş, C. D., & Karahan, O. (2009). Properties of steel fiber reinforced fly ash concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 23(1), 392–399. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.11.002.
[15] Beddar, M. (2008). Development of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete from Antiquity until the Present Day. Proceedings, Int'l Conference Concrete: Construction's Sustainable Option, 35–44.
[16] Nili, M., & Afroughsabet, V. (2010). Combined effect of silica fume and steel fibers on the impact resistance and mechanical properties of concrete. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 37(8), 879–886. doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2010.03.004.
[17] Hadi, M. (2008). An Investigation of the Behaviour of Steel and Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Concrete Slabs. Proceedings. International Conference Concrete Constructions Sustainable Option, July, 8–10.
[18] Hasan-Nattaj, F., & Nematzadeh, M. (2017). The effect of forta-ferro and steel fibers on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete with and without silica fume and nano-silica. Construction and Building Materials, 137, 557–572. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.078.
[19] Que, Z., Tang, J., Wei, H., Zhou, A., Wu, K., Zou, D., Yang, J., Liu, T., & De Schutter, G. (2024). Predicting the tensile strength of ultra-high performance concrete: New insights into the synergistic effects of steel fiber geometry and distribution. Construction and Building Materials, 444, 137822. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.137822.
[20] Mohammadi, Y., Carkon-Azad, R., Singh, S. P., & Kaushik, S. K. (2009). Impact resistance of steel fibrous concrete containing fibres of mixed aspect ratio. Construction and Building Materials, 23(1), 183–189. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.01.002.
[21] Bajgirani, A. G., Moghadam, S., Tafreshi, S. T., Arbab, A., & Razeghi, H. (2016). The Influence of aspect ratio of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture, Urban Planning & Sustainable Environment, Istanbul, Turkey.
[22] Gokulnath, V., Ramesh, B., & Sivashankar, S. (2020). Influence of M sand in self-compacting concrete with addition of steel fiber. Materials Today: Proceedings, 22, 1026–1030. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.270.
[23] Wang, J., Dai, Q., Si, R., Ma, Y., & Guo, S. (2020). Fresh and mechanical performance and freeze-thaw durability of steel fiber-reinforced rubber self-compacting concrete (SRSCC). Journal of Cleaner Production, 277, 123180. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123180.
[24] Elbialy, S., El-Latief, A. A., Al-Jabali, H. M., Elsayed, H. A., & Shawky, S. M. M. (2024). Enhancing the Properties of Steel Fiber Self-Compacting NaOH-Based Geopolymer Concrete with the Addition of Metakaolin. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 10(7), 2244–2260. doi:10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-07-011.
[25] ASTM C33M-18 AC. (2018). Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates, ASTM International, Pennsylvania, United States.
[26] Egyptian Standards ES 4756-1. (2013). Chemical, Cement (Part 1), Composition and Specifications. Egyptian Organization For Standard and Quality, Cairo, Egypt.
[27] En197-1. (2004). Composition, specifications, and conformity criteria for common cements. European Standard, European Commission.
[28] ASTM C-1240. (2003). Standard Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures. ASTM International, Pennsylvania, United States.
[29] ASTM C494. (2013). Standard specification for chemical admixtures for concrete. ASTM International, Pennsylvania, United States.
[30] BSI. (1985). Concrete Admixtures: Specifications for Superplasticizing Admixtures. British Standards Institution, London, United Kingdom.
[31] ACI Standard. (1996). Standard practice for selecting proportions for normal, heavyweight, and mass concrete. ACI Manual of Concrete Practice 1996, 1-38.
[32] Katzer, J., & Domski, J. (2012). Quality and mechanical properties of engineered steel fibres used as reinforcement for concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 34, 243–248. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.058.
[33] Shin, S. W., Kang, H., Ahn, J. M., & Kim, D. W. (2010). Flexural capacity of singly reinforced beam with 150 MPa ultra-high-strength concrete. Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 17(6), 414–426.
[34] Park, R. (1988). Ductility evaluation from laboratory and analytical testing. Proceedings of the 9th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 2-9 August, 8, 605–616.
[35] Abdul-Ahad, R. B., & Aziz, O. Q. (1999). Flexural strength of reinforced concrete T-beams with steel fibers. Cement and Concrete Composites, 21(4), 263-268. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(99)00009-8.
[36] Pam, H. J., Kwan, A. K. H., & Islam, M. S. (2001). Flexural strength and ductility of reinforced normal-and high-strength concrete beams. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings, 146(4), 381-389. doi:10.1680/stbu.2001.146.4.381.
[37] Bernardo, L. F. A., & Lopes, S. M. R. (2004). Neutral Axis Depth versus Flexural Ductility in High-Strength Concrete Beams. Journal of Structural Engineering, 130(3), 452–459. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2004)130:3(452).
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