Torsional Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Brine and Olive Oil Mill Wastewater
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-03-012Keywords:
Torsional Strength, Brine Wastewater, Olive Oil Mill Wastewater, Reinforced Concrete Beams.Abstract
The authors conducted a comprehensive research study on adding olive oil mill and brine wastewater to the concrete mix to investigate torsion, bending stress, shear, and compressive strength. The total number of specimens were 33 beams 100 mm (depth) í— 100 mm (width) í— 500 mm (length). Three beams were used as control samples, and thirty beams were divided into two groups: fifteen samples were from an olive oil mill, and the other fifteen were brine wastewater with different percentages of additive material (olive oil mill and brine wastewater), with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 15.0 % of each. The beams were reinforced with 4 Ï• 8 mm as longitudinal steel bars and Ï• 4 mm stirrups spaced at 20 mm. All specimens were tested at 28 days. It was found that the torsional strength of the samples containing brine wastewater when added at the best percentage, which is 10%, was 5.46 MPa. As is the case when adding olive oil mill wastewater with the best percentage, which is 7.5%, it was 5.16 MPa. These data are greater than the torsional strength in the reference samples, which were 4.38 MPa, meaning that the torsional strength when adding brine wastewater and olive oil mill wastewater increases by 24% and 17%, respectively.
Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-03-012
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References
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[2] Alshboul, Z. A., Alzgool, H. A., & Alzghool, H. (2022). Sustainable Use of Brine Water in Concrete Cement Mixes Alter Compression-Bending Strengths. International Review of Civil Engineering, 13(1), 67–73. doi:10.15866/irece.v13i1.20568.
[3] Alzgool, H. A. (2020). Strength characteristics of concrete with brine and olive oil mill wastewaters. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 13(10), 2831–2838. doi:10.37624/IJERT/13.10.2020.2831-2838.
[4] Aras, U., Kalaycıoğlu, H., Yel, H., & Kuştaş, S. (2022). Utilization of olive mill solid waste in the manufacturing of cement-bonded particleboard. Journal of Building Engineering, 49, 104055. doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104055.
[5] Kashyap, J., Willis, C. R., Griffith, M. C., Ingham, J. M., & Masia, M. J. (2012). Debonding resistance of FRP-to-clay brick masonry joints. Engineering Structures, 41, 186–198. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.03.032.
[6] Mahdi, F., Abbas, H., & Khan, A. A. (2010). Strength characteristics of polymer mortar and concrete using different compositions of resins derived from post-consumer PET bottles. Construction and Building Materials, 24(1), 25–36. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.006.
[7] Siddique, R., Khatib, J., & Kaur, I. (2008). Use of recycled plastic in concrete: A review. Waste Management, 28(10), 1835–1852. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2007.09.011.
[8] Mostofinejad, D., & Mohammadi Anaei, M. (2012). Effect of confining of boundary elements of slender RC shear wall by FRP composites and stirrups. Engineering Structures, 41, 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.03.019.
[9] Yao, C., & Nakashima, M. (2012). Application of headed studs in steel fiber reinforced cementitious composite slab of steel beam-column connection. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 11(1), 11–21. doi:10.1007/s11803-012-0094-4.
[10] Ju, H., & Serik, A. (2023). Torsional Strength of Recycled Coarse Aggregate Reinforced Concrete Beams. CivilEng, 4(1), 55–64. doi:10.3390/civileng4010004.
[11] El-Mandouh, M. A., Hu, J. W., Shim, W. S., Abdelazeem, F., & ELsamak, G. (2022). Torsional Improvement of RC Beams Using Various Strengthening Systems. Buildings, 12(11). doi:10.3390/buildings12111776.
[12] Tais, A. S., & Abdulrahman, M. B. (2023). Improving the Torsional Strength of Reinforced Concrete Hollow Beams Strengthened with Externally Bonded Reinforcement CFRP Stripe Subjected to Monotonic and Repeated Loads. Information Sciences Letters, 12(1), 427–441. doi:10.18576/isl/120136.
[13] Nobuaki Otsuki, Tsuyoshi Saito, & Yutaka Tadokoro. (2012). Possibility of Sea Water as Mixing Water in Concrete. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 6(11). doi:10.17265/1934-7359/2012.10.002.
[14] Miller, S. A., Horvath, A., & Monteiro, P. J. M. (2018). Impacts of booming concrete production on water resources worldwide. Nature Sustainability, 1(1), 69–76. doi:10.1038/s41893-017-0009-5.
[15] Wegian, F. M. (2010). Effect of seawater for mixing and curing on structural concrete. IES Journal Part A: Civil & Structural Engineering, 3(4), 235–243. doi:10.1080/19373260.2010.521048.
[16] Tsagaraki, E., Lazarides, H. N., & Petrotos, K. B. (2007). Olive mill wastewater treatment. In Utilization of By-Products and Treatment of Waste in the Food Industry (pp. 133–157). doi:10.1007/978-0-387-35766-9_8.
[17] Kalkan, I., & Kartal, S. (2017). Torsional rigidities of reinforced concrete beams subjected to elastic lateral torsional buckling. International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 11(7), 969-972.
[18] Anik, M. F. R., Shihan, M. R., Brinta, F. L., & Chowdhury, S. R. (2020). A Review Paper on Increasing Torsional Strength of RC Beam using Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis, 3(1), 1-10. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3895671.
[19] Zheng, Y., Zhuo, J., Zhang, P., & Ma, M. (2022). Mechanical properties and meso-microscopic mechanism of basalt fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 370, 133555. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133555.
[20] Rashidi, M., & Takhtfiroozeh, H. (2016). The Evaluation of Torsional Strength in Reinforced Concrete Beam. Mechanics, Materials Science & Engineering, 7, 1-11.
[21] Joh, C., Kwahk, I., Lee, J., Yang, I. H., & Kim, B. S. (2019). Torsional behavior of high-strength concrete beams with minimum reinforcement ratio. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019, 1–11. doi:10.1155/2019/1432697.
[22] FR, K., & BH, A. B. (2016). Improvement of Torsional Resistance in Ultra-High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams. Journal of Steel Structures & Construction, 2(1). doi:10.4172/2472-0437.1000112.
[23] Bernardo, L. F. A., Teixeira, M. M., De Domenico, D., & Gama, J. M. R. (2022). Improved Equations for the Torsional Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams for Codes of Practice Based on the Space Truss Analogy. Materials, 15(11), 3827. doi:10.3390/ma15113827.
[24] Prakash, M., Satyanarayanan, K. S., Parthasarathi, N., Senthil, S. S., Vishal, M., & Deepakraj, V. (2022). An experimental study on reinforced concrete beam with continuous spiral stirrups under pure torsion. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 1–13. doi:10.1080/19648189.2022.2064339.
[25] Mures, J. K., Chkheiwer, A. H., & Ahmed, M. A. (2021). Experimental Study on Torsional Behavior of steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Members under Pure Torsion. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1090(1), 012065. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/1090/1/012065.
[26] Askandar, N. H., & Mahmood, A. D. (2020). Torsional Strengthening of RC Beams with Continuous Spiral Near-Surface Mounted Steel Wire Rope. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 14(1). doi:10.1186/s40069-019-0386-4.
[27] Yu, Z., & Shan, D. (2021). Experimental and numerical studies of T-shaped reinforced concrete members subjected to combined compression-bending-shear-torsion. Advances in Structural Engineering, 24(12), 2809–2825. doi:10.1177/13694332211012577.
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