Out-of-Plane Strengthening of Unreinforced Masonry Walls by Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyurea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-011Keywords:
Glass Fiber-Reinforced Poloyurea, Out-of-Plane Reinforcement, Strengthening, Ductility, Energy Absorption Capacity, Unreinforced Masonry Wall.Abstract
Fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement or polyurea reinforcement techniques are applied to strengthen unreinforced masonry walls (UMWs). The purpose of this experimental study is to verify the out-of-plane reinforcing effect of sprayed glass fiber-reinforced polyurea (GFRPU), which is a composite elastomer made of polyurea and milled glass fibers on UMW. The out-of-plane strengths and ductile behaviors based on various coating shapes are compared in this study. An empirical formula to describe the degree of reinforcement on the out-of-plane strength of the UMW is derived based on the experimental results. It is observed that the peak load-carrying capacity, ductility, and energy absorption capacity gradually improve with an increase in the strengthening degree or area. Compared with the existing masonry wall reinforcement method, the GFRPU technique is a construction method that can help improve the safety performance along with ease of construction and economic efficiency.
Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-011
Full Text: PDF
References
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[19] Wu, G., Ji, C., Wang, X., Gao, F., Zhao, C., Liu, Y., & Yang, G. (2021). Blast response of clay brick masonry unit walls unreinforced and reinforced with polyurea elastomer. Defence Technology, 11. doi:10.1016/j.dt.2021.03.004.
[20] Song, J. H., Lee, E. T., & Eun, H. C. (2019). A Study on the Improvement of Structural Performance by Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyurea (GFRPU) Reinforcement. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019. doi:10.1155/2019/2818219.
[21] Song, J. H., Lee, E. T., & Eun, H. C. (2020). Shear strength of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted by glass fiber reinforced polyurea. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 6(10), 1852–1863. doi:10.28991/cej-2020-03091587.
[22] Song, J. H., Lee, E. T., Eun, H. C., & Apostolopoulos, C. (2020). A Study on the Strengthening Performance of Concrete Beam by Fiber-Reinforced Polyurea (FRPU) Reinforcement. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020. doi:10.1155/2020/6967845.
[23] Song, J. H., & Eun, H. C. (2021). Improvement of flexural and shear strength of RC beam reinforced by glass fiber-reinforced polyurea (GFRPU). Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 7(3), 407–418. doi:10.28991/cej-2021-03091662.
[24] Son, S. H. (2021). A study on in-plane strengthening effect of masonry wall by composite material of milled glass fiber and polyurea. PhD Thesis, Kangwon National University, Korea.
[25] Korea Facilities Safety Corporation. (2019). Seismic performance evaluation guidelines for existing facilities. Buildings, Korea.
[2] Lantz, L., Maynez, J., Cook, W., & Wilson, C. M. D. (2016). Blast Protection of Unreinforced Masonry Walls: A State-of-the-Art Review. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2016. doi:10.1155/2016/8958429.
[3] Myers, J. J., & Tanizawa, Y. (2010). In-plane behavior of an alternative masonry retrofitted with polyurea membranes. Structural Faults and Repair (SF&R 2010), Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
[4] Hrynyk, T. D., & Myers, J. J. (2008). Out-of-Plane Behavior of URM Arching Walls with Modern Blast Retrofits: Experimental Results and Analytical Model. Journal of Structural Engineering, 134(10), 1589–1597. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2008)134:10(1589).
[5] Galati, N. (2003). "Out-of-plane behavior of masonry walls strengthened with FRP materials.” PhD. Dissertation. Univ. of Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
[6] Salem, S., Ezzeldin, M., El-Dakhakhni, W., & Tait, M. (2019). Out-of-Plane Behavior of Load-Bearing Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls. Journal of Structural Engineering, 145(11), 04019127. doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002403.
[7] Türkmen, S., Wijte, S. N. M., De Vries, B. T., & Ingham, J. M. (2021). Out-of-plane behavior of clay brick masonry walls retrofitted with flexible deep mounted CFRP strips. Engineering Structures, 228. doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111448.
[8] Meriggi, P., de Felice, G., & De Santis, S. (2020). Design of the out-of-plane strengthening of masonry walls with fabric reinforced cementitious matrix composites. Construction and Building Materials, 240. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117946.
[9] Corradi, M., Speranzini, E., & Bisciotti, G. (2020). Out-of-plane reinforcement of masonry walls using joint-embedded steel cables. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 18(10), 4755–4782. doi:10.1007/s10518-020-00875-3.
[10] Guerreiro, J., Ferreira, J. G., Proença, J., & Gago, A. (2018). Strengthening of Old Masonry Walls for out-of-Plane Seismic Loading with a CFRP Reinforced Render. Experimental Techniques, 42(4), 355–369. doi:10.1007/s40799-018-0239-0.
[11] Connell, J. D. (2002). Evaluation of elastomeric polymers for retrofit of unreinforced masonry walls subjected to blast PhD. Dissertation. University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
[12] Broekaert, M. (2002). Polyurea spray coatings: The technology and latest developments. Paint and Coatings Industry, 18(10), 80–93.
[13] Myers, J. J. (2006). Out of Plane Behavior of Masonry Infill Walls Retrofitted With a Reinforced Polymer Grid and Polyurea ... Conference: Proceedings for the Structural Faults & Repair (2006, February 2015.
[14] Carey, N. L., & Myers, J. J. (2011). Discrete fiber reinforced polymer systems for repair of concrete structures: Polyurea-fiber characterization results. In American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication. Vol. 1, Issue 275 SP, 275–288.
[15] Carey, N. L., & Myers, J. J. (2010). Full scale blast testing of hybrid barrier systems. In American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication. Issue 281 SP, 152–170). American Concrete Institute.
[16] Greene, C. E. (2010). Compressive behavior of concrete cylinders strengthened with a discrete fiber reinforced polymer system. Doctoral dissertation, MS thesis, Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, United States.
[17] Greene, C. E., & Myers, J. J. (2013). Flexural and Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Members Strengthened with a Discrete Fiber-Reinforced Polyurea System. Journal of Composites for Construction, 17(1), 108–116. doi:10.1061/(asce)cc.1943-5614.0000308.
[18] Galati, N., Garbin, E., Tumialan, G., & Nanni, A. (2005). Design guidelines for masonry structures: Out of plane loads. American Concrete Institute, ACI Special Publication, SP-230, 269–288.
[19] Wu, G., Ji, C., Wang, X., Gao, F., Zhao, C., Liu, Y., & Yang, G. (2021). Blast response of clay brick masonry unit walls unreinforced and reinforced with polyurea elastomer. Defence Technology, 11. doi:10.1016/j.dt.2021.03.004.
[20] Song, J. H., Lee, E. T., & Eun, H. C. (2019). A Study on the Improvement of Structural Performance by Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyurea (GFRPU) Reinforcement. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2019. doi:10.1155/2019/2818219.
[21] Song, J. H., Lee, E. T., & Eun, H. C. (2020). Shear strength of reinforced concrete columns retrofitted by glass fiber reinforced polyurea. Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 6(10), 1852–1863. doi:10.28991/cej-2020-03091587.
[22] Song, J. H., Lee, E. T., Eun, H. C., & Apostolopoulos, C. (2020). A Study on the Strengthening Performance of Concrete Beam by Fiber-Reinforced Polyurea (FRPU) Reinforcement. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020. doi:10.1155/2020/6967845.
[23] Song, J. H., & Eun, H. C. (2021). Improvement of flexural and shear strength of RC beam reinforced by glass fiber-reinforced polyurea (GFRPU). Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 7(3), 407–418. doi:10.28991/cej-2021-03091662.
[24] Son, S. H. (2021). A study on in-plane strengthening effect of masonry wall by composite material of milled glass fiber and polyurea. PhD Thesis, Kangwon National University, Korea.
[25] Korea Facilities Safety Corporation. (2019). Seismic performance evaluation guidelines for existing facilities. Buildings, Korea.
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