A Comparative Study on Soil Stabilization Relevant to Transport Infrastructure using Bagasse Ash and Stone Dust and Cost Effectiveness

Sudip Basack, Ghritartha Goswami, Hadi Khabbaz, Moses Karakouzian, Parinita Baruah, Niky Kalita

Abstract


Soft ground improvement to provide stable foundations for infrastructure is national priority for most countries. Weak soil may initiate instability to foundations reducing their lifespan, which necessitates the adoption of a suitable soil stabilization method. Amongst various soil stabilization techniques, using appropriate admixtures is quite popular. The present study aims to investigate the suitability of bagasse ash and stone dust as the admixtures for stabilizing soft clay, in terms of compaction and penetration characteristics. The studies were conducted by means of a series of laboratory experimentations with standard Proctor compaction and CBR tests. From the test results it was observed that adding bagasse ash and stone dust significantly upgraded the compaction and penetration properties, specifically the values of optimum moisture content, maximum dry density and CBR. Comparison of test results with available data on similar experiments conducted by other researchers were also performed. Lastly, a study on the cost effectiveness for transport embankment construction with the treated soils, based on local site conditions in the study area of Assam, India, was carried out. The results are analyzed and interpreted, and the relevant conclusions are drawn therefrom. The limitations and recommendations for future research are also included.

 

Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091771

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Soil Stabilization; Admixtures; Stone Dust; Bagasse; California Bearing Ratio; Compaction.

References


Indraratna, Buddhima, Sudip Basack, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. “Numerical Solution of Stone Column–Improved Soft Soil Considering Arching, Clogging, and Smear Effects.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 139, no. 3 (March 2013): 377–394. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000789.

Basack, Sudip, Buddhima Indraratna, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. “Analysis of the Behaviour of Stone Column Stabilized Soft Ground Supporting Transport Infrastructure.” Procedia Engineering 143 (2016): 347–54. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.044.

Basack, Sudip, Firman Siahaan, Buddhima Indraratna, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. “Stone Column–Stabilized Soft-Soil Performance Influenced by Clogging and Lateral Deformation: Laboratory and Numerical Evaluation.” International Journal of Geomechanics 18, no. 6 (June 2018): 04018058. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001148.

Bergado, DT, AS Balasubramaniam, LR Anderson, and N Miura. “Soft Ground Improvement in Lowland and Other Environments.” ASCE Press, New York, USA, (1996).

Fatahi, B., S. Basack, S. Premananda, and H. Khabbaz. “Settlement Prediction and Back Analysis of Young’s Modulus and Dilation Angle of Stone Columns.” Australian Journal of Civil Engineering 10, no. 1 (2012): 67–80. doi:10.7158/C11-700.2012.10.1.

Sridharan, A., T. G. Soosan, Babu T. Jose, and B. M. Abraham. “Shear Strength Studies on Soil-Quarry Dust Mixtures.” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 24, no. 5 (2006): 1163–79. doi:10.1007/s10706-005-1216-9.

Harichane, Khelifa, Mohamed Ghrici, and Hanifi Missoum. “Influence of Natural Pozzolana and Lime Additives on the Temporal Variation of Soil Compaction and Shear Strength.” Frontiers of Earth Science 5, no. 2 (2011): 162–69. doi:10.1007/s11707-011-0166-1.

Song, Young Suk, Kyeong Su Kim, and Kyu Seok Woo. “Stability of Embankments Constructed from Soil Mixed with Stone Dust in Quarry Reclamation.” Environmental Earth Sciences 67, no. 1 (2012): 285–92. doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1507-9.

Chowdary, P. Samatha, and M. Rama Rao. “Macro and Micro Investigation of Change in Curing Period on Soil Stabilized With Lime and Cement Using Stone Dust and Rha As Additives.” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 14, no. 11 (2019): 2020–28.

Sharma, Tarun, and Rohin Kaushik. “Effect of Polypropylene Fiber on Properties of Bagasse Ash-Cement Stabilized Clay Soil.” International Journal on Emerging Technologies 10, no. 2 (2019): 255–66.

Firoozi, Ali Akbar, C. Guney Olgun, Ali Asghar Firoozi, and Mojtaba Shojaei Baghini. “Fundamentals of Soil Stabilization.” International Journal of Geo-Engineering 8, no. 1 (2017): 1–16. doi:10.1186/s40703-017-0064-9.

Osinubi, K. J., T. S. Ijmdiya, and I. Nmadu. “Lime Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Bagasse Ash as Admixture.” Advanced Materials Research 62–64, no. 64 (2009): 3–10. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.3.

Eberemu, Adrian O. “Evaluation of Bagasse Ash Treated Lateritic Soil as a Potential Barrier Material in Waste Containment Application.” Acta Geotechnica 8, no. 4 (2013): 407–21. doi:10.1007/s11440-012-0204-5.

Reddy, N. Gangadhara, Janardhan Tahasildar, and B. Hanumantha Rao. “Evaluating the Influence of Additives on Swelling Characteristics of Expansive Soils.” International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 1, no. 1 (2015). doi:10.1007/s40891-015-0010-x.

Mishra, Sudhashru, S. N. Sachdeva, and Rakesh Manocha. “Subgrade Soil Stabilization Using Stone Dust and Coarse Aggregate: A Cost Effective Approach.” International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 5, no. 3 (2019). doi:10.1007/s40891-019-0171-0.

Choobbasti, A. J., H. Ghodrat, M. J. Vahdatirad, S. Firouzian, A. Barari, M. Torabi, and A. Bagherian. “Influence of Using Rice Husk Ash in Soil Stabilization Method with Lime.” Frontiers of Earth Science in China 4, no. 4 (2010): 471–80. doi:10.1007/s11707-010-0138-x.

Dang, Liet Chi, Hayder Hasan, Behzad Fatahi, Robert Jones, and Hadi Khabbaz. "Enhancing the engineering properties of expansive soil using bagasse ash and hydrated lime." International journal of GEOMATE 11, no. 25 (2016): 2447-2454.

Amadi, Agapitus Ahamefule, and Shagba Lubem. “Assessing Stabilization Effectiveness of Combined Cement Kiln Dust and Quarry Fines on Pavement Subgrades Dominated by Black Cotton Soil.” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 32, no. 5 (2014): 1231–38. doi:10.1007/s10706-014-9793-0.

Mudgal, Ankur, Raju Sarkar, and A. K. Sahu. “Effect of Lime and Stone Dust in the Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil.” International Journal of GEOMATE 7, no. 2 (2014): 1033–39. doi:10.21660/2014.14.140402.

Agarwal, N. “Effect of Stone Dust on Some Geotechnical Properties of Soil.” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 12 (1), (2015): 61-64.

Mishra, Priyanka, and V. K. Arora. “Stabilization of Silty Soil with Marble Dust and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash.” Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 32 (2019): 51–58. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7017-5_6.

Zaika, Yulvi, and Agoes Soeharjono. “Bagasse Ash (BA) and Additive Materials Treated Expansive Soil.” Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 21, no. 21 (2016): 7085–94.

Chen, Qingsheng, Buddhima Indraratna, John Carter, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. “A Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Behaviour of Lignosulfonate-Treated Sandy Silt.” Computers and Geotechnics 61 (2014): 316–27. doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.06.010.

Hasan, Hayder, Liet Dang, Hadi Khabbaz, Behzad Fatahi, and Sergei Terzaghi. “Remediation of Expansive Soils Using Agricultural Waste Bagasse Ash.” Procedia Engineering 143 (2016): 1368–75. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.161.

Indiramma, P., and Ch Sudharani. “Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Fly Ash, Quarry Dust Stabilized Soil.” Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, (2018): 284–96. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61902-6_22.

Deepak Kumar, and Magandeep Bishnoi. “A Result Paper on Experimental Study on Stabilization of Soil Subgrade by Adding Stone Dust.” International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, no. Issue-4 (2019): 1065–67. doi:10.31142/ijtsrd24044.

Venkateswarlu, H., D. S.V. Prasad, and G. V.R. Prasada Raju. “Strength Behaviour of Expansive Soil Treated with Quarry Dust and Ferric Chloride.” Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 14 (2019): 115–23. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0559-7_13.

Ogila, Waleed Abdelmoghny Metwaly. “The Impact of Natural Ornamental Limestone Dust on Swelling Characteristics of High Expansive Soils.” Environmental Earth Sciences 75, no. 24 (2016). doi:10.1007/s12665-016-6305-y.

Hasan, Hayder, Hadi Khabbaz, and Behzad Fatahi. “Strength Property of Expansive Soils Treated with Bagasse Ash and Lime.” Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, (2018): 24–35. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61931-6_3.

Das, Pratibha. “Study of the Soils of Deepor Beel Catchment in Relation to Soil Forming Factors Using Remote Sensing and GIS.” Indian Journal of Soil Conservation 38, no. 2 (2010): 94–100.

Bhattacharyya, Krishna G., and Nibedita Kapil. “Impact of Urbanization on the Quality of Water in a Natural Reservoir: A Case Study with the Deepor Beel in Guwahati City, India.” Water and Environment Journal 24, no. 2 (2010): 83–96. doi:10.1111/j.1747-6593.2008.00157.x.

Nnabugwu, Agomuo Emmanuel, and Amadi Peter Uchenna. “Nutrient and Antioxidant Properties of Oils from Bagasses, Agricultural Residues, Medicinal Plants, and Fodders.” Journal of the American College of Nutrition 38, no. 2 (2019): 132–40. doi:10.1080/07315724.2018.1484307.

ASTM International. “Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using.” ASTM Standard Guide. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, (2003).

Davis, Tim. “Geotechnical Testing, Observation, and Documentation” (September 2008): 25. doi:10.1061/9780784409497.

ASTM International. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using. ASTM Standard Guide. Vol. 3. West Conshohocken, PA: D698-12e2, (2003).

ASTM International. Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted. Methods. Vol. i. West Conshohocken, PA: D1883-16, (2005).

Mahima Begum, Dhiman Dev Singha, and Bijnan Chandra Bordoloi. “Trend of Sugarcane and Jaggery Production in Assam and Associated Problems and Prospects.” International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science 3, no. 6 (2016): 15–24. doi:10.14445/23942568/ijaes-v3i6p104.

Sengupta, G., and S. Chakraborty. “Ancient Quarries in Guwahati, Assam.” Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute 77 (2017): 3–24. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26609156.

James, J., and P. Kasinatha Pandian. “Bagasse Ash as an Auxiliary Additive to Lime Stabilization of an Expansive Soil: Strength and Microstructural Investigation.” Advances in Civil Engineering 2018 (2018). doi:10.1155/2018/9658639.

Nath, Bayshakhi Deb, Md. Keramat Ali Molla, and Grytan Sarkar. “Study on Strength Behavior of Organic Soil Stabilized with Fly Ash.” International Scholarly Research Notices 2017, no. 1 (2017): 1–6. doi:10.1155/2017/5786541.

Kaniraj, Shenbaga R., and Vasant G. Havanagi. “Compressive Strength of Cement Stabilized Fly Ash-Soil Mixtures.” Cement and Concrete Research 29, no. 5 (1999): 673–77. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00018-6.

Mousavi, S. E., and A. Karamvand. “Assessment of Strength Development in Stabilized Soil with CBR PLUS and Silica Sand.” Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition) 4, no. 4 (2017): 412–21. doi:10.1016/j.jtte.2017.02.002.

Butt, Wajid Ali, Karan Gupta, and J. N. Jha. “Strength Behavior of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Saw Dust Ash.” International Journal of Geo-Engineering 7, no. 1 (2016). doi:10.1186/s40703-016-0032-9.

Gupta, Deepak, and Arvind Kumar. “Strength Characterization of Cement Stabilized and Fiber Reinforced Clay–Pond Ash Mixes.” International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 2, no. 4 (2016). doi:10.1007/s40891-016-0069-z.

Basak, Sudip, Amartya Kumar Bhattacharya, and Sri L.K. Paira. “Utilization of Fly Ash in Rural Road Construction in India and Its Cost Effectiveness.” Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 9 D, no. D (2004): 1–11.

IRC-SP-20. “Rural Roads Manual.” In Indian Road Congress Special Publication 20, 1:1–39, 2002.

F.H.A. “Coordinating, Developing, and Delivering Highway Transport Innovations.” Federal Highway Administration Research and Technology, no. WA-HRT-13-046 (2013). Available online: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/infrastr ucture/structures/bridge/13046/007.cfm (accessed on May 2021).

Cordeiro, G.C., R.D. Toledo Filho, and E.M.R. Fairbairn. “Effect of Calcination Temperature on the Pozzolanic Activity of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash.” Construction and Building Materials 23, no. 10 (October 2009): 3301–3303. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.02.013.

Pocock, R. G. “Field Trial of the Construction of a Cement-Stabilized Chalk Sub-base by the Mix-In-Place Process.” Road Research Laboratory, Ministry of Transport, Crowthorne, Berkshire, (1968).

MRD (2001). PMGSY Scheme and Guidelines: Programme Objectives. Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, No. P-12025/8/2001-RC.

A.P.W.R.D. Schedule of Rates for Rural Roads for All Divisions under PWRD, Assam. Commissioner and Special Secretary Public Works Roads Department, Assam Dispur, Guwahati, India, 2017-2018. Available online: https://pwdroads.assam.gov.in/information-services/schedule-of-rates (accessed on May 2021).

Caraşca, Oana. “Soil Improvement by Mixing: Techniques and Performances.” Energy Procedia 85 (2016): 85–92. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.277.

ASTM D4318, ASTM D 4318-10, and ASTM D4318-05. Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils. Report. Vol. 04. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, (2005).

ASTM. Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Gas Pycnometer, ASTM International, D5550-14, West Conshohocken, PA, (2014).

ASTM D6913-04R2009. “Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis.” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 04, no. Reapproved 2009 (2004): 1–35.

ASTM International. “Standard Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions.” ASTM International D3080-11, no. D3080-11 (2011): 343–51.

Tao, Gaoliang, Jinghan Yuan, Qingsheng Chen, Wan Peng, Ronghu Yu, and Sudip Basack. “Chemical Stabilization of Calcareous Sand by Polyurethane Foam Adhesive.” Construction and Building Materials 295 (2021): 123609. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123609.

Basack, Sudip, Buddhima Indraratna, and Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn. “Modeling the Performance of Stone Column–Reinforced Soft Ground under Static and Cyclic Loads.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 142, no. 2 (2016): 04015067. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001378.h.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091771

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2021 SUDIP BASACK, Ghritartha Goswami, Ghritartha Goswami, Hadi Khabbaz, Hadi Khabbaz, Moses Karakouzian, Moses Karakouzian, Parinita Baruah, Parinita Baruah, Niky Kalita, Niky Kalita

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
x
Message