Utilization of Marble Wastes in Clay Bricks: A Step towards Lightweight Energy Efficient Construction Materials
Vol. 7 No. 9 (2021): September
Research Articles
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Marble dust is one of the hazardous byproducts of marble-processing factories and requires planned disposal. Its beneficial use as a construction material will add to the sustainability, and most importantly, might overcome the burden of marble waste disposal. However, the use of marble dust in concrete has a negative impact. Therefore, this research examines various properties related to the utilization of such material in ceramic clay, and therefore its effects on the use of clay bricks are investigated. The research activity covers the categorization of marble dust powder from three different sources: Ziarat in Mohmand Agency, Buneer, and Mullagori (Pakistan). Its utilization in different proportions preparation of bricks is also addressed. Through the partial replacement of clay with marble dust from 0 to 30% by weight with amplification of 5%, seven mix designs are examined. The test result includes Bulk density, water absorption, porosity, thermal insulation, and strength. The partial replacement of clay with marble dust reduced its weight, strength and increased its porosity, water absorption, and thermal insulation. Furthermore, the utilization of marble powder in bricks minimizes soil erosion and reduces pollution to the environment.
Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091738
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Khan, Z., Gul, A., Shah, S. A. A., Qazi, S., Wahab, N., Badshah, E., … Shahzada, K. (2021). Utilization of Marble Wastes in Clay Bricks: A Step towards Lightweight Energy Efficient Construction Materials. Civil Engineering Journal, 7(9), 1488–1500. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091738
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[24] Mehta, Dhiraj, Poonam Mondal, and Suja George. "Utilization of Marble Waste Powder as a Novel Adsorbent for Removal of Fluoride Ions from Aqueous Solution.” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 2016): 932–942. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2015.12.040.
[25] Herek, Luciana C.S., Carla Eponina Hori, Miria Hespanhol Miranda Reis, Nora Diaz Mora, Célia Regina Granhem Tavares, and Rosí¢ngela Bergamasco. "Characterization of Ceramic Bricks Incorporated with Textile Laundry Sludge.” Ceramics International 38, no. 2 (March 2012): 951–959. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.08.015.
[2] Umar, Muhammad, Syed Azmat Ali Shah, Khan Shahzada, Muhammad Tayyab Naqash, and Wajid Ali. "Assessment of Seismic Capacity for Reinforced Concrete Frames with Perforated Unreinforced Brick Masonry Infill Wall.” Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 2397–2415. doi:10.28991/cej-2020-03091625.
[3] Ercikdi, Bayram, Gökhan Külekci, and Tekin Yılmaz. "Utilization of Granulated Marble Wastes and Waste Bricks as Mineral Admixture in Cemented Paste Backfill of Sulphide-Rich Tailings.” Construction and Building Materials 93 (September 2015): 573–583. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.042.
[4] Eliche-Quesada, D., and J. Leite-Costa. "Use of Bottom Ash from Olive Pomace Combustion in the Production of Eco-Friendly Fired Clay Bricks.” Waste Management 48 (February 2016): 323–333. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.042.
[5] Tozsin, Gulsen, Taskin Oztas, Ali Ihsan Arol, Ekrem Kalkan, and Omur Duyar. "The Effects of Marble Wastes on Soil Properties and Hazelnut Yield.” Journal of Cleaner Production 81 (October 2014): 146–149. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.009.
[6] R., Balamuralikrishnan, M. Al Madhani, and R. Al Madhani. "Study on Retrofitting of RC Column Using Ferrocement Full and Strip Wrapping.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 2472–2485. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091425.
[7] Naqash, Muhammad Tayyab, Mohammad Hasan Aburamadan, Ouahid Harireche, Abdulrahman AlKassem, and Qazi Umar Farooq. "The Potential of Wind Energy and Design Implications on Wind Farms in Saudi Arabia.” International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 4 (June 28, 2021): 839–856. doi:10.14710/ijred.2021.38238.
[8] Zhang, Lianyang. "Production of Bricks from Waste Materials – A Review.” Construction and Building Materials 47 (October 2013): 643–655. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.05.043.
[9] Arshad, A., I. Shahid, U. H. C. Anwar, M. N. Baig, S. Khan, and K. Shakir. "The wastes utility in concrete." International Journal of Environmental Research 8, no. 4 (2014): 1323-1328. doi: 10.22059/ijer.2014.825.
[10] Shah, Syed Azmat Ali, Mian Asfahan Ali Gul, Tayyab Naqash, Zeeshan Khan, and Muhammad Rizwan. "Effects of Fiber Reinforcements on the Strength of Shotcrete.” Civil Engineering and Architecture 9, no. 1 (January 2021): 176–183. doi:10.13189/cea.2021.090115.
[11] Khoso, Salim, Muhammad Tayyab Naqash, Sadaf Sher, and Zeeshan Saeed. "An Experimental Study on Fiberly Reinforced Concrete Using Polypropylene Fibre with Virgin and Recycled Road Aggregate.” Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 11, no. 1 (2018): 73–80. doi:10.21307/acee-2018-007..
[12] Mann, Harjinder Singh, Gurdarshan Singh Brar, Kulwinder Singh Mann, and Gurmel Singh Mudahar. "Experimental Investigation of Clay Fly Ash Bricks for Gamma-Ray Shielding.” Nuclear Engineering and Technology 48, no. 5 (October 2016): 1230–1236. doi:10.1016/j.net.2016.04.001.
[13] Naqash, Tayyab. "Pushover Response of Multi Degree of Freedom Steel Frames.” Civil Engineering Journal 6 (December 9, 2020): 86–97. doi:10.28991/cej-2020-sp(emce)-08..
[14] Majeed, Mushraf, Anwar Khitab, Waqas Anwar, Raja Bilal Nasar Khan, Affan Jalil, and Zeesshan Tariq. "Evaluation of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by Waste Marble Powder.” Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 59–70. doi:10.28991/cej-2021-03091637.
[15] Çınar, Muhammet, Mehmet Karpuzcu, and Hanifi Çanakcı. "Effect of Waste Marble Powder and Fly Ash on the Rheological Characteristics of Cement Based Grout.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 4 (April 27, 2019): 777–788. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091287.
[16] Munir, Muhammad Junaid, Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Yu-Fei Wu, Asad Hanif, and Muhammad Umer Arif Khan. "Thermally Efficient Fired Clay Bricks Incorporating Waste Marble Sludge: An Industrial-Scale Study.” Journal of Cleaner Production 174 (February 2018): 1122–1135. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.060.
[17] ASTM, "ASTM D6481-99 (2004) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Phosphorus, Sulfur, Calcium, and Zinc in Lubrication Oils by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence,” ASTM Int., (2010).
[18] ASTM, "Standard Test Method for Dispersive Characteristics of Clay Soil by Double Hydrometer,” Soil Conserv., (2005).
[19] ASTM C67, "ASTM C67:2008 Standard test methods for sampling and testing brick and structural clay tile,” ASTM Int., (2010).
[20] ASTM, "Desidnation C67-11: Standard test methods for sampling and testing brick and structural clay tile1,” Annu. B. ASTM Stand., (2011).
[21] Zaman, Afridi, Khan Shahzada, and Naqash Tayyab. "Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Fibers Mixed Cement-Sand Mortar.” Journal of Applied Engineering Science 17, no. 2 (2019): 116–125. doi:10.5937/jaes17-19092.
[22] Al-Douri, Y., S. A. Waheeb, and C. H. Voon. "Review of the Renewable Energy Outlook in Saudi Arabia.” Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 015906. doi:10.1063/1.5058184.
[23] Bories, Cecile, Marie-Elisabeth Borredon, Emeline Vedrenne, and Gerard Vilarem. "Development of Eco-Friendly Porous Fired Clay Bricks Using Pore-Forming Agents: A Review.” Journal of Environmental Management 143 (October 2014): 186–196. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.006.
[24] Mehta, Dhiraj, Poonam Mondal, and Suja George. "Utilization of Marble Waste Powder as a Novel Adsorbent for Removal of Fluoride Ions from Aqueous Solution.” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4, no. 1 (March 2016): 932–942. doi:10.1016/j.jece.2015.12.040.
[25] Herek, Luciana C.S., Carla Eponina Hori, Miria Hespanhol Miranda Reis, Nora Diaz Mora, Célia Regina Granhem Tavares, and Rosí¢ngela Bergamasco. "Characterization of Ceramic Bricks Incorporated with Textile Laundry Sludge.” Ceramics International 38, no. 2 (March 2012): 951–959. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.08.015.
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