Green Envelop Impact on Reducing Air Temperature and Enhancing Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Arid Climates
Abstract
Today Urban Cities faces energy and environmental challenges due to increased population, higher urbanization. The building sector has a big responsibility as it acquires high consumption rates in global energy and environmental scenarios. It is thought that the built environment in Egypt is responsible for 26% of the total overall national energy consumption, 62% of the total electricity consumption and around 70% of resultant CO2 emissions. The increased use of electrical appliances causes Urban Heat Island effect (UHI), which affect major urban centres. Adding green elements to any urban area is proved to be an effective strategy with numerous benefits to enhance the city's ecosystem, also mitigate the urban heat island measures. In this research Green roofs/walls can regulate outdoor air temperature by 10°C and improve outdoor thermal comfort by 2 Predicted Mean Value (PMV) values. The modelling of green strategy models can take into consideration design developments in areas with hot and dry climatic zones. The properties of green walls can directly affect the results of thermal comfort as leafs absorbs, reflects and transmits solar radiation, and increases the evapotranspiration.
Keywords
References
Asif, M. “Growth and Sustainability Trends in the Buildings Sector in the GCC Region with Particular Reference to the KSA and UAE.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 55 (March 2016): 1267–1273. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.042.
Abdul Mujeebu, Muhammad, and Othman Subhi Alshamrani. “Prospects of Energy Conservation and Management in Buildings – The Saudi Arabian Scenario Versus Global Trends.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 58 (May 2016): 1647–1663. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.327.
Asif, Muhammad. “Urban Scale Application of Solar PV to Improve Sustainability in the Building and the Energy Sectors of KSA.” Sustainability 8, no. 11 (November 3, 2016): 1127. doi:10.3390/su8111127.
Basarir, Bahar, Berrin Sahin Diri, and Cüneyt Diri. "Energy efficient retrofit methods at the building envelopes of the school buildings." Retrieved 10, no. 12 (2012): 2016.
Nasir, Rabiatul Adawiyah, Sabarinah Sh Ahmad, Azni Zain-Ahmed, and Norhati Ibrahim. “Adapting Human Comfort in an Urban Area: The Role of Tree Shades Towards Urban Regeneration.” Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 170 (January 2015): 369–380. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.047.
De Abreu-Harbich, Loyde Vieira, Lucila Chebel Labaki, and Andreas Matzarakis. “Effect of Tree Planting Design and Tree Species on Human Thermal Comfort in the Tropics.” Landscape and Urban Planning 138 (June 2015): 99–109. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.008.
Vailshery, Lionel Sujay, Madhumitha Jaganmohan, and Harini Nagendra. “Effect of Street Trees on Microclimate and Air Pollution in a Tropical City.” Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 12, no. 3 (January 2013): 408–415. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2013.03.002.
Shashua-Bar, Limor, Ioannis X. Tsiros, and Milo E. Hoffman. “A Modeling Study for Evaluating Passive Cooling Scenarios in Urban Streets with Trees. Case Study: Athens, Greece.” Building and Environment 45, no. 12 (December 2010): 2798–2807. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.06.008.
Santamouris, M. “Cooling the Cities – A Review of Reflective and Green Roof Mitigation Technologies to Fight Heat Island and Improve Comfort in Urban Environments.” Solar Energy 103 (May 2014): 682–703. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2012.07.003.
Chen, Hong, Ryozo Ooka, Hong Huang, and Takashi Tsuchiya. “Study on Mitigation Measures for Outdoor Thermal Environment on Present Urban Blocks in Tokyo Using Coupled Simulation.” Building and Environment 44, no. 11 (November 2009): 2290–2299. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.03.012.
Francis, Lotte Fjendbo Møller, and Marina Bergen Jensen. “Benefits of Green Roofs: A Systematic Review of the Evidence for Three Ecosystem Services.” Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 28 (December 2017): 167–176. doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2017.10.015.
World Bank. (2017). Energy Subsidy Reform Facility Country Brief: Egypt. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org [Accessed 16 July 2018].
Makropoulou, Maria. “Microclimate Improvement of Inner-City Urban Areas in a Mediterranean Coastal City.” Sustainability 9, no. 6 (May 25, 2017): 882. doi:10.3390/su9060882.
Castiglia Feitosa, Renato, and Sara J. Wilkinson. “Attenuating Heat Stress through Green Roof and Green Wall Retrofit.” Building and Environment 140 (August 2018): 11–22. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.05.034.
Bevilacqua, Piero, Domenico Mazzeo, and Natale Arcuri. “Thermal Inertia Assessment of an Experimental Extensive Green Roof in Summer Conditions.” Building and Environment 131 (March 2018): 264–276. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.11.033.
Morakinyo, Tobi Eniolu, K.W.D.Kalani.C. Dahanayake, Edward Ng, and Cheuk Lun Chow. “Temperature and Cooling Demand Reduction by Green-Roof Types in Different Climates and Urban Densities: A Co-Simulation Parametric Study.” Energy and Buildings 145 (June 2017): 226–237. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.066.
Cascone, Stefano, Federico Catania, Antonio Gagliano, and Gaetano Sciuto. “A Comprehensive Study on Green Roof Performance for Retrofitting Existing Buildings.” Building and Environment 136 (May 2018): 227–239. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.052.
Castiglia Feitosa, Renato, and Sara J. Wilkinson. “Attenuating Heat Stress through Green Roof and Green Wall Retrofit.” Building and Environment 140 (August 2018): 11–22. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.05.034.
Besir, Ahmet B., and Erdem Cuce. “Green Roofs and Facades: A Comprehensive Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82 (February 2018): 915–939. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.106.
Wong, Nyuk Hien, Alex Yong Kwang Tan, Yu Chen, Kannagi Sekar, Puay Yok Tan, Derek Chan, Kelly Chiang, and Ngian Chung Wong. “Thermal Evaluation of Vertical Greenery Systems for Building Walls.” Building and Environment 45, no. 3 (March 2010): 663–672. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.08.005.
Takakura, T, S Kitade, and E Goto. “Cooling Effect of Greenery Cover over a Building.” Energy and Buildings 31, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–6. doi:10.1016/s0378-7788(98)00063-2.
Rezvani, M., F. Zaefarian, and M. Jovieni. “Weed Suppression Ability of Six Soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] Varieties Under Natural Weed Development Conditions.” Acta Agronomica Hungarica 61, no. 1 (March 2013): 43–53. doi:10.1556/aagr.61.2013.1.5.
Jim, C.Y. “Green-Space Preservation and Allocation for Sustainable Greening of Compact Cities.” Cities 21, no. 4 (August 2004): 311–320. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2004.04.004.
Weather spark. (2019). Average Weather in Cairo Egypt. [ONLINE] Available at: https://weatherspark.com/m/96939/9/Average-Weather-in-September-in-Cairo-Egypt. [Accessed 5 March 2019].
Chow, W.K. “Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Building Services Engineering.” Building and Environment 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 425–436. doi:10.1016/0360-1323(96)00012-1.
Ozkeresteci, I., K. Crewe, A. J. Brazel, and M. Bruse. "Use and evaluation of the ENVI-met model for environmental design and planning: an experiment on linear parks." In Proceedings of the 21st International Cartographic Conference (ICC), Durban, South Africa, pp. 10-16. 2003.
DOI: 10.28991/cej-2019-03091317
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 sherine wahba, basil kamel, khaled nassar, ahmed abdelsalam
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
