Utilizing Recycled Rubber and Municipal Waste Incineration Fly Ash in Cement-Stabilized Clayey Soils

Gehan Aouf; Ghida Alhakim; Lina Jaber

doi:10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-017

Authors

Gehan Aouf
jihane_aouf@hotmail.com
Department of Civil Engineering, Beirut Arab University, Beirut,, Lebanon
Ghida Alhakim Department of Civil Engineering, Beirut Arab University, Beirut,, Lebanon
Lina Jaber Department of Civil Engineering, Beirut Arab University, Beirut,, Lebanon

Vol. 10 No. 11 (2024): November

Research Articles

Downloads

PDF

Abstract
How to Cite
Metrics
References
License

This study explores an innovative approach combining municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (MSWIFA), cement, and recycled rubber to enhance soil properties. The research fills a research gap by exploring the synergistic effects of these materials, striving to strike a balance between strength and flexibility in soil stabilization. A total of 123 tests, comprising Proctor compaction and unconfined compression tests, were performed on clayey soil samples treated with varying stabilizer proportions: 10%, 20%, and 30% MSWIFA; 10%, 15%, and 20% cement; and 0%, 5%, and 10% rubber by dry weight. The tests revealed that the ideal blend of 5% rubber, 10% MSWIFA, and 20% cement resulted in a notable 294% increase in unconfined compressive strength and a significant enhancement in soil ductility, presenting a stark contrast to traditional cement-stabilized soils recognized for their brittleness and limited flexibility. This approach not only enhances soil characteristics but also promotes environmental sustainability by utilizing waste materials in the stabilization process.

Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-017

Full Text: PDF

Aouf, G., Alhakim, G., & Jaber, L. (2024). Utilizing Recycled Rubber and Municipal Waste Incineration Fly Ash in Cement-Stabilized Clayey Soils. Civil Engineering Journal, 10(11), 3721–3737. https://doi.org/10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-11-017

Download Citation

[1] Journal, I. (2024). Transforming Soil Stabilization: Paving the way for Sustainable Development. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, 08(01), 1–10. doi:10.55041/ijsrem28405.
[2] Chavez Torres, J. L., Tugen, F., Zhang, K., & Gonzalez Chavez, M. A. (2024). Chemical and Mechanical Soil Stabilization Techniques for Foundations. European Public and Social Innovation Review, 9. doi:10.31637/epsir-2024-325.
[3] Fondjo, A. A., Vuwane, B., & Theron, E. (2023). Improvement of Geotechnical Properties of Heaving Soils Using Alternative Methods: A Review. Theory and Applications of Engineering Research Volume 1, 127–149, BP International,
Tarkeshwar, India. doi:10.9734/bpi/taer/v1/8150a.
[4] Haque Nayem, N. (2023). Enhancement of Soil Characteristics Using Different Stabilization Techniques. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 8(4), 71-79. doi:10.11648/j.jccee.20230804.12.
[5] Barman, D., & Dash, S. K. (2022). Stabilization of expansive soils using chemical additives: A review. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 14(4), 1319–1342. doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.02.011.
[6] Afrin, H. (2017). A Review on Different Types Soil Stabilization Techniques. International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology, 3(2), 19. doi:10.11648/j.ijtet.20170302.12.
[7] Lu, X., Cui, M., Wang, P., & Li, B. (2018). Application in Cement Soil of Stabilizer in Silt Soft Soil of Wuxi in China. Journal of Coastal Research, 83, 316–323. doi:10.2112/SI83-052.1.
[8] Phu-Yen, D. (2024). Enhancing Soil Stabilization in Soft Soils through the Addition of Sand to Soil-Cement Piles: a Comprehensive Study. Qeios, 1-12. doi:10.32388/u3cnvi.
[9] Bahar, R., Benazzoug, M., & Kenai, S. (2004). Performance of compacted cement-stabilised soil. Cement and concrete composites, 26(7), 811-820. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.01.003.
[10] Wang, F., Li, K., & Liu, Y. (2022). Optimal water-cement ratio of cement-stabilized soil. Construction and Building Materials, 320, 126211. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126211.
[11] Abdallah, A., Russo, G., & Cuisinier, O. (2023). Statistical and Predictive Analyses of the Strength Development of a Cement-Treated Clayey Soil. Geotechnics, 3(2), 465–479. doi:10.3390/geotechnics3020026.
[12] Hashim Mohammed, S., Saeed, K. A., & Ibrahim Al Shaikhli, H. (2024). Evaluation of the strength and microstructural characteristics of stabilized organic clay soil. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9, 100647. doi:10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100647.
[13] Okonkwo, U. N., & Kennedy, C. (2023). The Effectiveness of Cement and Lime as Stabilizers for Subgrade Soils with High Plasticity and Swelling Potential. Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, 7(03), 40–60. doi:10.36348/sjce.2023.v07i03.001.
[14] Fawaz, A., Alhakim, G., & Jaber, L. (2024). The stabilisation of clayey soil by using sawdust and sawdust ash. Environmental Technology, 45(26), 5712–5722. doi:10.1080/09593330.2024.2304674.
[15] Alhakim, G., Baalbaki, O., & Jaber, L. (2024). Compaction and Shear Behaviors of Sandy Soil Treated with Lime and Metakaolin. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 42(1), 79–95. doi:10.1007/s10706-023-02555-w.
[16] Niu, W., Guo, B., Li, K., Ren, Z., Zheng, Y., Liu, J., Lin, H., & Men, X. (2024). Cementitous material based stabilization of soft soils by stabilizer: Feasibility and durabiliy assessment. Construction and Building Materials, 425. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2024.136046.
[17] Ali, L. H., & Atemimi, Y. K. (2024). Effective Use of Pozzolanic Materials for Stabilizing Expansive Soils: A Review. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1374(1), 012014. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1374/1/012014.
[18] Bhosale, H. (2023). Soil Stabilization by Using Lime and Fly Ash at Ahirwadi. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology, 11(6), 2538–2546. doi:10.22214/ijraset.2023.54093.
[19] Dong, J., Chi, Y., Zou, D., Fu, C., Huang, Q., & Ni, M. (2014). Energy-environment-economy assessment of waste management systems from a life cycle perspective: Model development and case study. Applied Energy, 114, 400–408. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.037.
[20] Mohammed, A. H., & Tanko, A. M. (2012). Characterization of Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash and the Potential for its Use. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), 2(4), 516–522.
[21] Varaprasad, B. J. S., Joga, J. R., & Joga, S. R. (2020). Reuse of Municipal Solid Waste from Incinerated Ash in the Stabilization of Clayey Soils. Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering, 28(4), 1–7. doi:10.2478/sjce-2020-0024.
[22] Liu, Z., Li, J., Hu, L., Zhang, X., Ding, S., & Li, H. (2023). Strength and Environmental Behaviours of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash for Cement-Stabilised Soil. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(1), 364–364. doi:10.3390/su15010364.
[23] Aouf, G., Tabbal, D., Sabsabi, A., & Aouf, R. (2023). Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Cement on Soil-Municipal Solid Incineration Fly Ash Mix Properties. International Journal of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 17(3), 48-51.
[24] Peng, L., Ge, D., Lv, S., Xue, Y., Chen, J., Sun, H., & Wang, J. (2023). Use of waste rubber particles in cement-stabilized aggregate for the eco-friendly pavement base layer construction: Laboratory performance and field application. Construction and Building Materials, 402. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.133023.
[25] Yang, Z., Zhang, Q., Shi, W., Lv, J., Lu, Z., & Ling, X. (2020). Advances in properties of rubber reinforced soil. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2020, 16. doi:10.1155/2020/6629757.
[26] Akbulut, S., Arasan, S., & Kalkan, E. (2007). Modification of clayey soils using scrap tire rubber and synthetic fibers. Applied Clay Science, 38(1–2), 23–32. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2007.02.001.
[27] Singh, B., & Sharma, R. K. (2014). Evaluation of geotechnical properties of local clayey soil blended with waste materials. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 8(2), 135-151.
[28] Murugadoss, J. Saranya, K. & Prasanth, A. (2017). Soil Stabilisation Using Rubber Waste and Cement (Standard Proctor Test And CBR). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 8(6), 630-639.
[29] Sidek, N., Rahman, A. S. A., Zailani, W. W. A., Arshad, M. F., Abdul Latif, N. (2023). Effect of Adding Waste Shredded Rubber Tyre on the Shear Strength Properties of Clay Soil. Proceedings of the Green Materials and Electronic Packaging Interconnect Technology Symposium, EPITS 2022, Springer Proceedings in Physics, 289, Springer, Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-19-9267-4_53.
[30] Nazaruddin, A. T., Shakri, M. S., Ladin, M. A., Hafez, M. A., Abd Rahman, N. F., & Mohammad, M. (2023). Strength and consolidation index parameters of stabilise clay soil using scrap rubber tyre. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1205(1), 284–288. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1205/1/012056.
[31] Haranatti, J. S., Kadakolamth, S., Chetana, M. V., & Parthiban, P. (2023). Stabilization of expansive soil by using shredded tyre chips as an admixture. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2690(1)). doi:10.1063/5.0120591.
[32] Marathe, S., Shankar Rao, B., & Kumar, A. (2015). Stabilization of Lithomargic Soil Using Cement and Randomly Distributed Waste Shredded Rubber Tyre Chips. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 23(6), 284–288. doi:10.14445/22315381/ijett-v23p253.
[33] Naseem, A., Mumtaz, W., Fazal-e-Jalal, & De Backer, H. (2019). Stabilization of Expansive Soil Using Tire Rubber Powder and Cement Kiln Dust. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 56(1), 54–58. doi:10.1007/s11204-019-09569-8.
[34] Wang, F., Ping, X., Zhou, J., & Kang, T. (2019). Effects of crumb rubber on the frost resistance of cement-soil. Construction and Building Materials, 223, 120–132. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.208.
[35] Bekhiti, M., Trouzine, H., & Rabehi, M. (2019). Influence of waste tire rubber fibers on swelling behavior, unconfined compressive strength and ductility of cement stabilized bentonite clay soil. Construction and Building Materials, 208, 304–313. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.011.
[36] He, J., Guo, D., Song, D., Liu, F., Zhang, L., & Wen, Q. (2023). Experimental Study on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Rubberized Cemented Soil. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 27(10), 4130–4140. doi:10.1007/s12205-023-1485-y.
[37] Charbaji, M., Baalbaki, O., Khatib, J. M., & Elkordi, A. (2018). Characterization of fly ash originated from Lebanese municipal solid waste plant. International congress on engineering and architecture, 14-16 November, Alanya, Turkey.
[38] Gul, N., & Mir, B. A. (2022). Influence of glass fiber and cement kiln dust on physicochemical and geomechanical properties of fine-grained soil. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 7(6), 344. doi:10.1007/s41062-022-00943-4.
[39] Irfan, N., & Gunjan, B. (2020). Experimental Study on Shear Strength of Soil Subgrade Using Cement at Different Percentages as Stablizing Agent. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 8, 4978-4984.
[40] Goodarzi, A. R., Akbari, H. R., & Salimi, M. (2016). Enhanced stabilization of highly expansive clays by mixing cement and silica fume. Applied Clay Science, 132–133, 675–684. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2016.08.023.
[41] Zada, U., Jamal, A., Iqbal, M., Eldin, S. M., Almoshaogeh, M., Bekkouche, S. R., & Almuaythir, S. (2023). Recent advances in expansive soil stabilization using admixtures: current challenges and opportunities. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18. doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e01985.
[42] Manikanta, A., Rao, B. N., Reddy, K. S., Charan, I. M. S., Mahesh, M., Shankar, N. S., & Kiran, P. U. (2022). Soil Stabilization Using Crumb Rubber Powder. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science and Technology, 10(9), 163–165. doi:10.55524/ijircst.2022.10.5.25.
[43] Yadav, J. S., & Tiwari, S. K. (2018). Evaluation of the strength characteristics of cement-stabilized clay–crumb rubber mixtures for its sustainable use in geotechnical applications. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 20(5), 1961–1985. doi:10.1007/s10668-017-9972-2.
[44] Karim, M. A., Sami Hassan, A., & Kaplan, A. (2020). Optimization of Soil to Fly-Ash Mix Ratio for Enhanced Engineering Properties of Clayey Sand for Subgrade Use. Applied Sciences, 10(20), 7038. doi:10.3390/app10207038.
[45] Khan, F., Das, B., & Dewangan, N. (2021). Determination of geotechnical properties and stability of expansive soil using fly ash. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology, 18(16), 18. doi:10.48048/wjst.2021.22783.
[46] Turan, C., Javadi, A. A., Vinai, R., & Beig Zali, R. (2022). Geotechnical Characteristics of Fine-Grained Soils Stabilized with Fly Ash, a Review. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(24), 16710. doi:10.3390/su142416710.
[47] Yadav, J. S., Tiwari, S. K., & Garg, A. (2022). Strength and ductility behaviour of rubberised cemented clayey soil. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, 175(1), 34–50. doi:10.1680/jgrim.19.00017.
[48] Vashi, J., Daftardar, A., Sundararaman, B.V. (2024). Improvement of Clayey Soil Using Fly Ash and Cement. Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2022 Volume 3, IGC 2022, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 478, Springer, Singapore. doi:10.1007/978-981-97-1745-3_6.
[49] Bastola, N. R., Vechione, M. M., Elshaer, M., & Souliman, M. I. (2022). Artificial neural network prediction model for in situ resilient modulus of subgrade soils for pavement design applications. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 7, 1-12. doi:10.1007/s41062-021-00659-x.
[50] Rai, P., Qiu, W., Pei, H., Chen, J., Ai, X., Liu, Y., & Ahmad, M. (2021). Effect of Fly Ash and Cement on the Engineering Characteristic of Stabilized Subgrade Soil: An Experimental Study. Geofluids, 2021. doi:10.1155/2021/1368194.
[51] Al Bitar, M., Alhakim, G., & Jaber, L. (2024). Using fly ash-plastic mesh bags wastes mixture as a recoverable resource for soil stabilization. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 18(3), 316–331. doi:10.1080/19386362.2024.2345460.
[52] Alhakim, G., Baalbaki, O., & Jaber, L. (2022). Effects of incorporation of cement and metakaolin on the mechanical properties of poorly graded sand. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15(24), 1777. doi:10.1007/s12517-022-11080-8.
[53] Al-Subari, L., Ekinci, A., & Aydın, E. (2021). The utilization of waste rubber tire powder to improve the mechanical properties of cement-clay composites. Construction and Building Materials, 300, 0950–0618. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124306.

Publication Start Year:	2015
JCR 2024 Impact Factor (IF):	4.9
JIF QUARTILE:	Q1
SJR 2024 Quartile:	Q1
Acceptance Rate:	27%
Review Speed (Average):	81 days
Issue Per Year:	12
Number of Volumes:	11
Number of Issues:	119
Number of Articles:	1816
Number of Reviewers:	3624
Number of Contributors:	6178
Contributing Countries:	91
No. of WoS Citations:	7986
Scopus CiteScore:	6.5
No. of Google Citations:	24065
Google h-index:	56
Google i10-index:	804
Abstract Views:	11,481,612
PDF Download:	5,908,793

Utilizing Recycled Rubber and Municipal Waste Incineration Fly Ash in Cement-Stabilized Clayey Soils

Authors

Downloads

Downloads

Login

Publisher and Affiliated Societies

Publisher

Society Collaborations

Indexing & Abstracting

SidebarMenu

Journal Imprint

Journal Imprint

Journal Metrics

Follow us

Follow Us

Most Cited Articles

Heavy Metal Removal Investigation in Conventional Activated Sludge Systems

Modeling of the Solar Thermal Energy Use in Urban Areas

Adsorption Behavior of Heavy Metal Ions by Hybrid Inulin-TEOS for Water Treatment

Application of Tuned Mass Dampers for Structural Vibration Control: A State-of-the-art Review

visitors

Analytics

Information

Address

Contact Info: