1. Home
  2. Vol 9 (2023)
  3. Bolla

The Development of Motorcycle Accident Models Based on Riders’ Characters

Margareth Evelyn Bolla, Ludfi Djakfar, Achmad Wicaksono, Cleoputri Al Yusainy

Abstract


Human errors have commonly been perceived as the dominant cause of accidents. Different individuals may behave differently towards certain situations, leading to accidents. This study aims to model the relationship between the riders’ personalities, riding performance, and the probability of being involved in an accident. Adding mindfulness as a mediating variable and demographic factors as moderating variables are also essential points to developing the model. The Big Five Inventory (BFI) and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) were used to measure the respondents' traits, while the Honda Riding Trainer (HRT) was used as a simulation tool. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) analysis shows that only the neuroticism variable significantly predicts mindfulness and riding performance. The openness and conscientiousness variables only significantly predicted mindfulness, while agreeableness is the only Big Five personality that significantly predicted riding performance. The results also show that although the mindfulness (M) variable in this study has not been able to become a mediating variable, it is strong enough as an exogenous variable for riding performance. The logistic regression analysis found that the worse the rider's performance, the greater the chance of an accident. Female riders are more than twice as likely to have an accident as male riders. These results indicate the need to research road safety that is differentiated by sex and its characteristics based on it.

 

Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2023-09-018

Full Text: PDF


Keywords


Big Five Personality; Riding Simulator; Mindfulness; Mediating Variable; Moderating Variable.

References


WHO. (2023). Transport systems need to be made safe, healthy and sustainable. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. Available online: https://www.who.int/news/item/15-05-2023-transport-systems-need-to-be-made-safe--healthy-and-sustainable (accessed on January 2023).

ITF. (2019). Road Safety Annual Report 2021: The Impact of Covid-19. International Transport Forum (ITF): OECD Publishing, Paris, France.

WHO. (2018). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018. World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565684 (accessed on January 2023).

Statista. (2022). Indonesia: Number of Fatalities in Traffic Accidents 2021 | Statista, Hamburg, Germany. Available online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/979068/indonesia-number-of-fatalities-traffic-accidents/ (accessed on January 2023).

Lakhan, R., Pal, R., Baluja, A., Moscote-Salazar, L. R., & Agrawal, A. (2020). Important Aspects of Human Behavior in Road Traffic Accidents. Indian Journal of Neurotrauma, 17(02), 085–089. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713079.

Sagar, S. (2020). Effect of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors of Driver Residence on Crash Occurrence. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.

Tahmasebi, S., Javadi, S. M. H., Azari Arghun, T., Edrisi, F., & Tajlili, A. (2020). Identification of Factors Contributing to Traffic Accidents amongst Girls in Tehran with Specific Focus on Psychosocial Factors. Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma, 8(1), 19–26. doi:10.29252/beat-080104.

Zuraida, R., Iridiastadi, H., & Sutalaksana, I. Z. (2017). Indonesian drivers’ characteristics associated with road accidents. International Journal of Technology, 8(2), 311–319. doi:10.14716/ijtech.v8i2.6148.

Lucidi, F., Girelli, L., Chirico, A., Alivernini, F., Cozzolino, M., Violani, C., & Mallia, L. (2019). Personality Traits and Attitudes Toward Traffic Safety Predict Risky Behavior Across Young, Adult, and Older Drivers. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00536.

Trapsilawati, F., Priatna, N. U., Wijayanto, T., Widyanti, A., Syafitri, U. D., & Chamidah, N. (2021). Examining drivers’ socio-demographic variables and perceptions towards sanction mechanisms on speeding behaviour on highways: Targeting appropriate prevention. Journal of Navigation, 74(4), 726–737. doi:10.1017/S0373463321000217.

Goyal, R., Kumar, V., Shantanu, K., Walliullah, S., Singh, S., & Singh, A. (2015). Analysis of personality traits in patients of road traffic accident (RTA) with special reference to motorcycle riders. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 3, S54–S57. doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2015.10.010.

Friedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2020). Personality Classical Theory and Modern Research. Repositori IAIN Batusangkar. Available online: https://repo.iainbatusangkar.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/18173. (In Indonesian).

McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An Introduction to the Five‐Factor Model and Its Applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175–215. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x.

Cellar, D. F., Nelson, Z. C., & Yorke, C. M. (2000). The five-factor model and driving behavior: Personality and involvement in vehicular accidents. Psychological Reports, 86(2), 454–456. doi:10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.454.

Hanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2017). The Mindful Personality: a Meta-analysis from a Cybernetic Perspective. Mindfulness, 8(6), 1456–1470. doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0736-8.

Grossman, P. (2015). Mindfulness: Awareness Informed by an Embodied Ethic. Mindfulness, 6(1), 17–22. doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0372-5.

Abdul Hanan, S., King, M., & Lewis, I. (2010). Are you a mindful driver? A review of the potential explanatory value of mindfulness in predicting speeding behaviour. Proceedings of the 2010 Australasian Road Safety Research, Policing and Education Conference, 31 August – 3 September 2010, Canberra, Australia.

Yusainy, C., Nurwanti, R., Dharmawan, I. R. J., Andari, R., Mahmudah, M. U., Tiyas, R. R., Husnaini, B. H. M., & Anggono, C. O. (2019). Mindfulness as an Emotion Regulation Strategy. Journal of Psychology, 17(2), 174. doi:10.14710/jp.17.2.174-188.

Hu, T. Y., Xie, X., & Li, J. (2013). Negative or positive? the effect of emotion and mood on risky driving. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 16, 29–40. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2012.08.009.

Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The philadelphia mindfulness scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204–223. doi:10.1177/1073191107311467.

Keng, S. L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 1041–1056. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006.

Yusainy, C., Ilhamuddin, I., Ramli, A. H., Semedi, B. P., Anggono, C. O., Mahmudah, M. U., & Ramadhan, A. R. (2018). Between Here-and-Now and Hereafter: Mindfulness as a Guard of Orientation towards Life and Fear of Death. Journal of Psychology, 17(1), 18. doi:10.14710/jp.17.1.18-30.

Kiken, L. G., Garland, E. L., Bluth, K., Palsson, O. S., & Gaylord, S. A. (2015). From a state to a trait: Trajectories of state mindfulness in meditation during intervention predict changes in trait mindfulness. Personality and Individual Differences, 81, 41–46. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.044.

Tang, Y. Y., Hölzel, B. K., & Posner, M. I. (2016). Traits and states in mindfulness meditation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17(1), 59. doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.7.

Lee, J., Kishino, S., & Suzuki, K. (2020). Riding performance quantification method for motorcycles in terms of collision probability using the logit model. Mechanical Engineering Journal, 7(4), 20-00015. doi:10.1299/mej.20-00015.

Di Stasi, L. L., Álvarez-Valbuena, V., Cañas, J. J., Maldonado, A., Catena, A., Antolí, A., & Candido, A. (2009). Risk behaviour and mental workload: Multimodal assessment techniques applied to motorbike riding simulation. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 12(5), 361–370. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2009.02.004.

Vidotto, G., Bastianelli, A., Spoto, A., Torre, E., & Sergeys, F. (2008). Using a riding trainer as a tool to improve hazard perception and awareness in teenagers. Advances in Transportation Studies, 16, 51–60.

Surya, A. Z., & Bagaskara, S. (2017). The Effect of the Emotion of Fear on Risk Perception in Motorcycle Riders: A Study Using a Simulator. Symposium XIX FSTPT, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Čubranić-Dobrodolac, M., Lipovac, K., Čičević, S., & Antić, B. (2017). A Model for Traffic Accidents Prediction Based on Driver Personality Traits Assessment. PROMET - Traffic; Transportation, 29(6), 631–642. doi:10.7307/ptt.v29i6.2495.

Rahardjo, I. A., & Kusumawardhani, D. E. (2020). Relationship Between Sensation Seeking and Attitude on Reckless Riding Behavior in Jabodetabek, Indonesia. Psychological Research on Urban Society, 3(2), 120. doi:10.7454/proust.v3i2.75.

Shen, B., Qu, W., Ge, Y., Sun, X., & Zhang, K. (2018). The relationship between personalities and self-report positive driving behavior in a Chinese sample. PLoS ONE, 13(1), 1–16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190746.

Korlantas. (2022). Statistik Laka - Korlantas Polri, Indonesia. Available online: https://pusiknas.polri.go.id/ (accessed on January 2023).

Ramdhani, N. (2012). Linguistic and cultural adaptation of the big five personality scales. Jurnal Psikologi, 39(2), 189-205. doi:10.22146/jpsi.6986. (In Indonesian).

Yusainy, C. A. L. (2013). Overcoming Aggression: Musing On Mindfulness and Self-Control. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

Lubis, S. M. (2015). Relationship between Big Five Personality, Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in Employees at Hospital X Bandung. Ph.D. Thesis, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia.

Papantoniou, P. (2013). Assessment of Driving Simulator Studies on Driver Distraction, Road Safety and Simulation International Conference, 22-25 October, Rome, Italy.

Placebo Research Group. (2023). Mindfulness attention awareness scale (MAAS), Placebo Research Group. Available online: https://placeboresearchgroup.org/translated-scales/ (accessed on June 2023).

Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., Mikulincer, M., & Gillath, O. (2004). The multidimensional driving style inventory - Scale construct and validation. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 36(3), 323–332. doi:10.1016/S0001-4575(03)00010-1.

Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211–237. doi:10.1080/10478400701598298.

Giluk, T. L. (2009). Mindfulness, Big Five personality, and affect: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 805–811. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.06.026.

Thompson, B. L., & Waltz, J. (2007). Everyday mindfulness and mindfulness meditation: Overlapping constructs or not? Personality and Individual Differences, 43(7), 1875–1885. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.06.017.

Idris, F., & Napitupulu, L. (2015). The Influence of Personality Factors, Work Stress on Road Accidents among Bus Drivers in Riau Province. An-Nafs, 9(3), 56-67. (In Indonesian).

Triman, A., & Bagaskara, S. (2018). The Role of Personality Traits on the Driving Behavior of Motorcycle Riders in Jakarta. Journal of Psychogenesis, 5(2), 150–158. doi:10.24854/jps.v5i2.503. (In Indonesian).

Ehsani, J. P., Li, K., Simons-Morton, B. G., Fox Tree-McGrath, C., Perlus, J. G., O’Brien, F., & Klauer, S. G. (2015). Conscientious personality and young drivers’ crash risk. Journal of Safety Research, 54, 83.e29-87. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2015.06.015.

Haerani, S., Parmitasari, R. D. A., Aponno, E. H., & Aunalal, Z. I. (2019). Moderating effects of age on personality, driving behavior towards driving outcomes. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 12(2), 91–104. doi:10.1108/IJHRH-08-2017-0040.

Mahachandra, M., Widharto, Y., Putra, M. A., Suryoputro, M. R., & Prastawa, H. (2021). Age as the Moderating Variable in the Relationship between Risk Taker Personality and Aberrant Driving Behavior of Drivers in Semarang City. BIS-HSS 2020, 18 November 2020, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. doi:10.4108/eai.18-11-2020.2311608.

Keng, S. L., Smoski, M. J., Robins, C. J., Ekblad, A. G., & Brantley, J. G. (2012). Mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based stress reduction: Self-compassion and mindfulness as mediators of intervention outcomes. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 26(3), 270–280. doi:10.1891/0889-8391.26.3.270.

Ramli, N. H. H., Alavi, M., Mehrinezhad, S. A., & Ahmadi, A. (2018). Academic stress and self-regulation among university students in Malaysia: Mediator role of mindfulness. Behavioral Sciences, 8(1), 12. doi:10.3390/bs8010012.

Valero-Mora, P. M., Martí-Belda-Bertolín, A., & Sánchez-García, M. (2021). Keep calm, pay attention, and carry on: Anxiety and consciousness mediate the effect of, mindfulness on driving performance in young drivers. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 83(September), 22–32. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2021.09.006.

Chang, H. L., & Yeh, T. H. (2007). Motorcyclist accident involvement by age, gender, and risky behaviors in Taipei, Taiwan. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 10(2), 109–122. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2006.08.001.

Hidalgo-Fuentes, S., & Sospedra-Baeza, M. J. (2019). Gender and age distribution of motorcycle crashes in Spain. International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 26(1), 108–114. doi:10.1080/17457300.2018.1482927.

Granié, M. A., Thévenet, C., Varet, F., Evennou, M., Oulid-Azouz, N., Lyon, C., Meesmann, U., Robertson, R., Torfs, K., Vanlaar, W., Woods-Fry, H., & Van den Berghe, W. (2020). Effect of Culture on Gender Differences in Risky Driver Behavior through Comparative Analysis of 32 Countries. Transportation Research Record, 2675(3), 274–287. doi:10.1177/0361198120970525.

Regev, S., Rolison, J. J., & Moutari, S. (2018). Crash risk by driver age, gender, and time of day using a new exposure methodology. Journal of Safety Research, 66, 131–140. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2018.07.002.

González-Sánchez, G., Olmo-Sánchez, M. I., Maeso-González, E., Gutiérrez-Bedmar, M., & García-Rodríguez, A. (2021). Traffic injury risk based on mobility patterns by gender, age, mode of transport and type of road. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18), 10112. doi:10.3390/su131810112.

World Bank Group. (2019). Aspiring Indonesia—Expanding the Middle Class. Aspiring Indonesia—Expanding the Middle Class. World Bank Group, Washington, United States. doi:10.1596/33237.

Laajaj, R., Macours, K., Hernandez, D. A. P., Arias, O., Gosling, S. D., Potter, J., Rubio-Codina, M., & Vakis, R. (2019). Challenges to capture the big five personality traits in non-WEIRD populations. Science Advances, 5(7), 1-13. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw5226.

Shi, J., Bai, Y., Ying, X., & Atchley, P. (2010). Aberrant driving behaviors: A study of drivers in Beijing. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 42(4), 1031–1040. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2009.12.010.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2023-09-018

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2022 Margareth Evelyn Bolla

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
x
Message