The Early Age Strength Improvement of the High Volume Fly Ash Mortar
Vol. 7 No. 8 (2021): August
Research Articles
Downloads
In the last decade, the use of Fly ash as replacement to improve the strength and performance of the cement has become a part of mortar and concrete manufacturing. When the used amount of fly ash ranges from 20 to 25%, the proprieties of concrete and mortars such as strength and durability are improved, which also reduce the Portland cement consumption and its impact on environment. For some special applications the High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) (up to 50%) is recommended, but the use of HVFA is still limited because of the low early age strength. The aim of this study is to overcome the constraints caused by the use of the High-Volume Fly Ash, by upgrading the mortar using grinding to reduce the particle size, and by the application of an upsetting force to modify the behavior of swelling and to modify the crystal structure of ettringite in order to increase the early age strength of the mortar. The results show an increase in the rupture resistance at 7 days and 28 days by 60% and 30% respectively. Which will make the use of HVFA mortar possible in construction industry and therefore reduce more CO2 emissions from the cement production.
Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091731
Full Text: PDF
Bazzar, K., Hafiane, F. Z., & Alaoui, A. H. (2021). The Early Age Strength Improvement of the High Volume Fly Ash Mortar. Civil Engineering Journal, 7(8), 1378–1388. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091731
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
[1] Hashmi, A. Fuzail, M. Shariq, A. Baqi, and Moinul Haq. "Optimization of Fly Ash Concrete Mix – a Solution for Sustainable Development.” Materials Today: Proceedings 26 (2020): 3250–3256. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.908.
[2] Mindess, Sidney. "Sustainability of Concrete.” Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete, Woodhead Publishing (2019): 3–17. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102616-8.00001-0.
[3] Papadakis, Vagelis G. "Effect of Fly Ash on Portland Cement Systems.” Cement and Concrete Research 30, no. 10 (October 2000): 1647–1654. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00388-4.
[4] Manmohan, D., and P. K. Mehta. "Influence of pozzolanic, slag, and chemical admixtures on pore size distribution and permeability of hardened cement pastes." Cement, Concrete and Aggregates 3, no. 1 (1981): 63-67.
[5] Xu, Gang, and Xianming Shi. "Characteristics and applications of fly ash as a sustainable construction material: A state-of-the-art review." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 136 (2018): 95-109. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.010.
[6] Jawad, Zahraa Fakhri, Rusul Jaber Ghayyib, and Awham Jumah Salman. "Microstructural and Compressive Strength Analysis for Cement Mortar with Industrial Waste Materials.” Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1007–1016. doi:10.28991/cej-2020-03091524.
[7] Bazzar, K., M. R. Bouatiaoui, and A. Hafidi Alaoui. "Performance approach the durability of high volume fly ash concrete." International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology 2.2 (2013): 1-11.
[8] Bazzar, K., and A. Hafidi Alaoui. "A Study on Strength Properties of Concrete with Replacement of Low C3A Cement by Fly Ash.” Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B 11 (1-3) (2021) 8-15. doi:10.17265/2161-6221/2021.1-3.002.
[9] Ping, Xie, and J.J. Beaudoin. "Mechanism of Sulphate Expansion II. Validation of Thermodynamic Theory.” Cement and Concrete Research 22, no. 5 (September 1992): 845–854. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(92)90109-9.
[10] Famy, Charlotte, and Hal FW Taylor. "Ettringite in hydration of Portland cement concrete and its occurrence in mature concretes." Materials Journal 98, no. 4 (2001): 350-356.
[11] Yan, Peiyu, Xiao Qin, Wenyan Yang, and Jiang Peng. "The Semiquantitative Determination and Morphology of Ettringite in Pastes Containing Expansive Agent Cured in Elevated Temperature.” Cement and Concrete Research 31, no. 9 (September 2001): 1285–1290. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(01)00563-4.
[12] K. Scrivener, J. Skany. Workshop on internal sulphate attack and delayed ettringite formation. RILEM 35, (2002).
[13] Siddique, Rafat, and Mohammad Iqbal Khan. "Silica Fume.” Engineering Materials Springer Science & Business Media, (2011): 67–119. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17866-5_2.
[14] Radwan, Mohammed K H, Chiu Chuen Onn, Kim Hung Mo, Soon Poh Yap, Chee Guan Ng, and Sumiani Yusoff. "Eco-Mechanical Performance of Binary and Ternary Cement Blends Containing Fly Ash and Slag.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 174, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 23–36. doi:10.1680/jensu.20.00009.
[15] Peris Mora, E., J. Payá, and J. Monzó. "Influence of Different Sized Fractions of a Fly Ash on Workability of Mortars.” Cement and Concrete Research 23, no. 4 (July 1993): 917–924. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(93)90045-b.
[16] Grabowski E, Czarnecki B, Gillott JE, Duggan CR, Scott JF. "Rapid test of concrete expansivity due to internal sulfate attack.” Materials Journal, 89(5) (1992): 469-480.
[17] Rajamma, Rejini, Richard J. Ball, Luís A.C. Tarelho, Geoff C. Allen, Joí£o A. Labrincha, and Victor M. Ferreira. "Characterisation and Use of Biomass Fly Ash in Cement-Based Materials.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 172, no. 2–3 (December 2009): 1049–1060. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.109.
[18] Kiattikomol, Kraiwood, Chai Jaturapitakkul, Smith Songpiriyakij, and Seksun Chutubtim. "A Study of Ground Coarse Fly Ashes with Different Finenesses from Various Sources as Pozzolanic Materials.” Cement and Concrete Composites 23, no. 4–5 (August 2001): 335–343. doi:10.1016/s0958-9465(01)00016-6.
[19] Azadpour, Fatemeh, and Ali Akbar Maghsoudi. "Serviceability Assessment of Continuous Beams Strengthened by SMA Strands under Cyclic Loading.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 1068–1083. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091312.
[20] Deschner, Florian, Frank Winnefeld, Barbara Lothenbach, Sebastian Seufert, Peter Schwesig, Sebastian Dittrich, Friedlinde Goetz-Neunhoeffer, and Jürgen Neubauer. "Hydration of Portland Cement with High Replacement by Siliceous Fly Ash.” Cement and Concrete Research 42, no. 10 (October 2012): 1389–1400. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.06.009.
[21] Wang Q, Wang D, Chen H. "The role of Fly ash microsphere in the microstructure and macroscopic properties of high-strength concrete”. Cement and Concrete Composite (2017) 83: 125-137. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.07.021.
[22] Ogundipe, Olumide Moses, Jonathan Segun Adekanmi, Olufunke Olanike Akinkurolere, and Peter Olu Ale. "Effect of Compactive Efforts on Strength of Laterites Stabilized with Sawdust Ash.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 2502–2514. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091428.
[23] Khayat KH, Petrov N, Attiogbe EK, See HT. "Uniformity of bond strength of prestressing strands in conventional flowable and self-consolidating concrete mixtures.” In Self-compacting concrete: proceedings of the third international RILEM Symposium (2003): 703-709.
[24] Cornelissen HAW, Hellewaard RE, Vissers JLJ. "Processed Fly ash for high performance concrete.” Special Publication (1995) 153: 67-80.
[25] Papadakis VG. "Effect of fly ash on Portland cement systems: Part II. High-calcium fly ash.” Cement and Concrete Research (2000) 30(10): 1647-1654. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00388-4.
[26] Patel, H.H., C.H. Bland, and A.B. Poole. "The Microstructure of Concrete Cured at Elevated Temperatures.” Cement and Concrete Research 25, no. 3 (April 1995): 485–490. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(95)00036-c.
[27] Sideris, Kosmas K., Ch. Tassos, A. Chatzopoulos, and P. Manita. "Mechanical Characteristics and Durability of Self Compacting Concretes Produced with Ladle Furnace Slag.” Construction and Building Materials 170 (May 2018): 660–667. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.091.
[28] Mehta, P.K. "Mechanism of Expansion Associated with Ettringite Formation.” Cement and Concrete Research 3, no. 1 (January 1973): 1–6. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(73)90056-2.
[29] Taylor H.F. Cement chemistry (Vol. 2). London: Thomas Telford (1997).
[30] Jiahui, Peng, Zhang Jianxin, and Qu Jindong. "The Mechanism of the Formation and Transformation of Ettringite.” Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 21, no. 3 (September 2006): 158–161. doi:10.1007/bf02840908.
[31] De Belie, Nele, Marios Soutsos, and Elke Gruyaert, eds. "Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials.” RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports (2018). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70606-1.
[32] Jaturapitakkul, Chai, Kraiwood Kiattikomol, Vanchai Sata, and Theerarach Leekeeratikul. "Use of Ground Coarse Fly Ash as a Replacement of Condensed Silica Fume in Producing High-Strength Concrete.” Cement and Concrete Research 34, no. 4 (April 2004): 549–555. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(03)00150-9.
[33] Monzo, J., J. Paya, E. Peris-Mora, and M. V. Borrachero. "Mechanical treatment of fly ashes: strength development and workability of mortars containing ground fly ashes.” In: Proceedings of 5th CANMET/ACI international conference on the use of fly ash, silica fume, slag and natural pozzolans in concrete, Special Publication 153 (1995): 339-354.
[34] Sideris, Kosmas, Harald Justnes, Marios Soutsos, and Tongbo Sui. "Fly Ash.” Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials, RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports 25 (December 9, 2017): 55–98. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70606-1_2.
[2] Mindess, Sidney. "Sustainability of Concrete.” Developments in the Formulation and Reinforcement of Concrete, Woodhead Publishing (2019): 3–17. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102616-8.00001-0.
[3] Papadakis, Vagelis G. "Effect of Fly Ash on Portland Cement Systems.” Cement and Concrete Research 30, no. 10 (October 2000): 1647–1654. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(00)00388-4.
[4] Manmohan, D., and P. K. Mehta. "Influence of pozzolanic, slag, and chemical admixtures on pore size distribution and permeability of hardened cement pastes." Cement, Concrete and Aggregates 3, no. 1 (1981): 63-67.
[5] Xu, Gang, and Xianming Shi. "Characteristics and applications of fly ash as a sustainable construction material: A state-of-the-art review." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 136 (2018): 95-109. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.010.
[6] Jawad, Zahraa Fakhri, Rusul Jaber Ghayyib, and Awham Jumah Salman. "Microstructural and Compressive Strength Analysis for Cement Mortar with Industrial Waste Materials.” Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1007–1016. doi:10.28991/cej-2020-03091524.
[7] Bazzar, K., M. R. Bouatiaoui, and A. Hafidi Alaoui. "Performance approach the durability of high volume fly ash concrete." International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology 2.2 (2013): 1-11.
[8] Bazzar, K., and A. Hafidi Alaoui. "A Study on Strength Properties of Concrete with Replacement of Low C3A Cement by Fly Ash.” Journal of Materials Science and Engineering B 11 (1-3) (2021) 8-15. doi:10.17265/2161-6221/2021.1-3.002.
[9] Ping, Xie, and J.J. Beaudoin. "Mechanism of Sulphate Expansion II. Validation of Thermodynamic Theory.” Cement and Concrete Research 22, no. 5 (September 1992): 845–854. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(92)90109-9.
[10] Famy, Charlotte, and Hal FW Taylor. "Ettringite in hydration of Portland cement concrete and its occurrence in mature concretes." Materials Journal 98, no. 4 (2001): 350-356.
[11] Yan, Peiyu, Xiao Qin, Wenyan Yang, and Jiang Peng. "The Semiquantitative Determination and Morphology of Ettringite in Pastes Containing Expansive Agent Cured in Elevated Temperature.” Cement and Concrete Research 31, no. 9 (September 2001): 1285–1290. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(01)00563-4.
[12] K. Scrivener, J. Skany. Workshop on internal sulphate attack and delayed ettringite formation. RILEM 35, (2002).
[13] Siddique, Rafat, and Mohammad Iqbal Khan. "Silica Fume.” Engineering Materials Springer Science & Business Media, (2011): 67–119. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17866-5_2.
[14] Radwan, Mohammed K H, Chiu Chuen Onn, Kim Hung Mo, Soon Poh Yap, Chee Guan Ng, and Sumiani Yusoff. "Eco-Mechanical Performance of Binary and Ternary Cement Blends Containing Fly Ash and Slag.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 174, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 23–36. doi:10.1680/jensu.20.00009.
[15] Peris Mora, E., J. Payá, and J. Monzó. "Influence of Different Sized Fractions of a Fly Ash on Workability of Mortars.” Cement and Concrete Research 23, no. 4 (July 1993): 917–924. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(93)90045-b.
[16] Grabowski E, Czarnecki B, Gillott JE, Duggan CR, Scott JF. "Rapid test of concrete expansivity due to internal sulfate attack.” Materials Journal, 89(5) (1992): 469-480.
[17] Rajamma, Rejini, Richard J. Ball, Luís A.C. Tarelho, Geoff C. Allen, Joí£o A. Labrincha, and Victor M. Ferreira. "Characterisation and Use of Biomass Fly Ash in Cement-Based Materials.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 172, no. 2–3 (December 2009): 1049–1060. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.109.
[18] Kiattikomol, Kraiwood, Chai Jaturapitakkul, Smith Songpiriyakij, and Seksun Chutubtim. "A Study of Ground Coarse Fly Ashes with Different Finenesses from Various Sources as Pozzolanic Materials.” Cement and Concrete Composites 23, no. 4–5 (August 2001): 335–343. doi:10.1016/s0958-9465(01)00016-6.
[19] Azadpour, Fatemeh, and Ali Akbar Maghsoudi. "Serviceability Assessment of Continuous Beams Strengthened by SMA Strands under Cyclic Loading.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 1068–1083. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091312.
[20] Deschner, Florian, Frank Winnefeld, Barbara Lothenbach, Sebastian Seufert, Peter Schwesig, Sebastian Dittrich, Friedlinde Goetz-Neunhoeffer, and Jürgen Neubauer. "Hydration of Portland Cement with High Replacement by Siliceous Fly Ash.” Cement and Concrete Research 42, no. 10 (October 2012): 1389–1400. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.06.009.
[21] Wang Q, Wang D, Chen H. "The role of Fly ash microsphere in the microstructure and macroscopic properties of high-strength concrete”. Cement and Concrete Composite (2017) 83: 125-137. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.07.021.
[22] Ogundipe, Olumide Moses, Jonathan Segun Adekanmi, Olufunke Olanike Akinkurolere, and Peter Olu Ale. "Effect of Compactive Efforts on Strength of Laterites Stabilized with Sawdust Ash.” Civil Engineering Journal 5, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 2502–2514. doi:10.28991/cej-2019-03091428.
[23] Khayat KH, Petrov N, Attiogbe EK, See HT. "Uniformity of bond strength of prestressing strands in conventional flowable and self-consolidating concrete mixtures.” In Self-compacting concrete: proceedings of the third international RILEM Symposium (2003): 703-709.
[24] Cornelissen HAW, Hellewaard RE, Vissers JLJ. "Processed Fly ash for high performance concrete.” Special Publication (1995) 153: 67-80.
[25] Papadakis VG. "Effect of fly ash on Portland cement systems: Part II. High-calcium fly ash.” Cement and Concrete Research (2000) 30(10): 1647-1654. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00388-4.
[26] Patel, H.H., C.H. Bland, and A.B. Poole. "The Microstructure of Concrete Cured at Elevated Temperatures.” Cement and Concrete Research 25, no. 3 (April 1995): 485–490. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(95)00036-c.
[27] Sideris, Kosmas K., Ch. Tassos, A. Chatzopoulos, and P. Manita. "Mechanical Characteristics and Durability of Self Compacting Concretes Produced with Ladle Furnace Slag.” Construction and Building Materials 170 (May 2018): 660–667. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.091.
[28] Mehta, P.K. "Mechanism of Expansion Associated with Ettringite Formation.” Cement and Concrete Research 3, no. 1 (January 1973): 1–6. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(73)90056-2.
[29] Taylor H.F. Cement chemistry (Vol. 2). London: Thomas Telford (1997).
[30] Jiahui, Peng, Zhang Jianxin, and Qu Jindong. "The Mechanism of the Formation and Transformation of Ettringite.” Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 21, no. 3 (September 2006): 158–161. doi:10.1007/bf02840908.
[31] De Belie, Nele, Marios Soutsos, and Elke Gruyaert, eds. "Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials.” RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports (2018). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70606-1.
[32] Jaturapitakkul, Chai, Kraiwood Kiattikomol, Vanchai Sata, and Theerarach Leekeeratikul. "Use of Ground Coarse Fly Ash as a Replacement of Condensed Silica Fume in Producing High-Strength Concrete.” Cement and Concrete Research 34, no. 4 (April 2004): 549–555. doi:10.1016/s0008-8846(03)00150-9.
[33] Monzo, J., J. Paya, E. Peris-Mora, and M. V. Borrachero. "Mechanical treatment of fly ashes: strength development and workability of mortars containing ground fly ashes.” In: Proceedings of 5th CANMET/ACI international conference on the use of fly ash, silica fume, slag and natural pozzolans in concrete, Special Publication 153 (1995): 339-354.
[34] Sideris, Kosmas, Harald Justnes, Marios Soutsos, and Tongbo Sui. "Fly Ash.” Properties of Fresh and Hardened Concrete Containing Supplementary Cementitious Materials, RILEM State-of-the-Art Reports 25 (December 9, 2017): 55–98. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70606-1_2.
- Authors retain all copyrights. It is noticeable that authors will not be forced to sign any copyright transfer agreements.
- This work (including HTML and PDF Files) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
