Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycle on Shear Strength of Lime-Solidified Dispersion Soils
Vol. 6 No. 1 (2020): January
Research Articles
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The freeze-thaw cycle of saline soil in the seasonal frozen area will produce diseases such as frost heave and thaw settlement, road frost boiling, collapse and uneven settlement. In order to reduce the occurrence of these undesirable phenomena, it is often necessary to improve the saline soil in engineering. In this paper, the typical carbonate saline soil in the west of Jilin Province, China is taken as the research object. By adding different content of lime (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, 15%), the change of mechanical strength of lime solidified saline soil under different freeze-thaw cycles (0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 30, 60 times) is studied. The mechanical analysis is carried out by combining particle size analysis test and SEM image. The test results show that although repeated freeze-thaw cycles make the soil structure loose and the mechanical strength greatly reduced, the soil particles agglomerate obviously after adding lime, its dispersion is restrained by the flocculation of clay colloid, and the shear strength of soil is improved by the increase of the cohesive force between clay particles, and the optimal lime mixing ratio of the saline soil in this area is 9%.
Yao, M., Wang, Q., Ma, B., Liu, Y., Yu, Q., & Han, Y. (2020). Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycle on Shear Strength of Lime-Solidified Dispersion Soils. Civil Engineering Journal, 6(1), 114–129. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091457
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[1] Suhayda, C. G., Lijuan Yin, R. E. Redmann, and Jiandong Li. "Gypsum Amendment Improves Native Grass Establishment on Saline-Alkali Soils in Northeast China.” Soil Use and Management 13, no. 1 (March 1997): 43–47. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1997.tb00555.x.
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[3] Yang, Fan, Guangxin Zhang, Xiongrui Yin, Zhijun Liu, and Zhigang Huang. "Study on Capillary Rise from Shallow Groundwater and Critical Water Table Depth of a Saline-Sodic Soil in Western Songnen Plain of China.” Environmental Earth Sciences 64, no. 8 (April 1, 2011): 2119–2126. doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1038-4.
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[7] Wang, Q., Y. Liu, S. Liu, X. D. Zhang, W. Peng, C. Y. Li, X. C. Xu, and J. H. Fan. "Evolution law of the properties of saline soil in Western Jilin province under multi field effect." Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) 47, no. 3 (2017): 807-817.
[8] Han, Y., Qin, W. C., & Wang, Y. Q. "Study on the Polarized Reflectance Hyperspectral Characteristics and Models of Typical Saline Soil in the West of Jilin Province, China.” Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis 34, no. 6 (June 2014): 1640-1644. doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2014)06-1640-05.
[9] Xudong Zhang, Qing Wang, Peng-fei Li, and Rui-ying Wang "Study on soil dispersion of "mud forest" in Qian'an.” Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science) 36, no. 11 (November 2015): 1643-1647. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3026.2015.11.027.
[10] Zhang, XuDong, Qing Wang, TianWen Yu, ShuoChao Bao, Gang Wang, Xin Zhou, and CenCen Niu. "A study of soil dispersivity in Qian'an, western Jilin Province of China." Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions 7, no. 5 (2018): 579-586. doi:10.3724/sp.J.1226.2015.00579.
[11] Han, Yan, Qing Wang, Yuanyuan Kong, Shukai Cheng, Jiaqi Wang, Xudong Zhang, and Ning Wang. "Experiments on the Initial Freezing Point of Dispersive Saline Soil.” CATENA 171 (December 2018): 681–690. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.046.
[12] Ghosh, Ambarish, and Chillara Subbarao. "Microstructural development in fly ash modified with lime and gypsum." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 2001): 65-70. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2001)13:1(65).
[13] Yarbaşı, Necmi, Ekrem Kalkan, and Suat Akbulut. "Modification of the Geotechnical Properties, as Influenced by Freeze–thaw, of Granular Soils with Waste Additives.” Cold Regions Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (April 2007): 44–54. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.09.009.
[14] Bin-Shafique, Sazzad, K. Rahman, Mustafa Yaykiran, and Ireen Azfar. "The Long-Term Performance of Two Fly Ash Stabilized Fine-Grained Soil Subbases.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 54, no. 10 (August 2010): 666–672. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.11.007.
[15] Cuisinier, Olivier, Jean-Claude Auriol, Tangi Le Borgne, and Dimitri Deneele. "Microstructure and Hydraulic Conductivity of a Compacted Lime-Treated Soil.” Engineering Geology 123, no. 3 (November 2011): 187–193. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.07.010.
[16] Ziaie-Moayed, Reza, Mohammad Samimifar, and Mehrad Kamalzare. "Improvement of Shear Strength Characteristics of Saline Soil Using Cement and Polymer.” International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 5, no. 3 (July 2011): 307–314. doi:10.3328/ijge.2011.05.03.307-314.
[17] Liu, Cheng Bin. "Research on Strength and Microstructure Feature of Solidified Saline Soil in Inshore with Slag Cementitious Material.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 174–177 (May 2012): 1232–1237. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1232.
[18] Jha, Arvind Kumar, and P.V. Sivapullaiah. "Volume Change Behavior of Lime Treated Gypseous Soil ” Influence of Mineralogy and Microstructure.” Applied Clay Science 119 (January 2016): 202–212. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2015.09.017.
[19] Ye, B., Z. R. Cheng, C. Liu, Y. D. Zhang, and P. Lu. "Liquefaction Resistance of Sand Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Polypropylene Fibres.” Geosynthetics International 24, no. 6 (December 2017): 625–636. doi:10.1680/jgein.17.00029.
[20] Zhang, L., N. W. Wang, L. P. Jing, C. Fang, Z. D. Shan, and Y. Q. Li. "Electro-Osmotic Chemical Treatment for Marine Clayey Soils: A Laboratory Experiment and A Field Study.” Geotechnical Testing Journal 40, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 20150229. doi:10.1520/gtj20150229.
[21] Ta'negonbadi, Bahram, and Reza Noorzad. "Physical and Geotechnical Long-Term Properties of Lignosulfonate-Stabilized Clay: An Experimental Investigation.” Transportation Geotechnics 17 (December 2018): 41–50. doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2018.09.001.
[22] Choobbasti, Asskar Janalizadeh, Ali Vafaei, and Saman Soleimani Kutanaei. "Static and Cyclic Triaxial Behavior of Cemented Sand with Nanosilica.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 10 (October 2018): 04018269. doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002464.
[23] Badv, K., and J. Hoseinpour Lonbar. "Treatment of Urmia Peat by Cement Kiln Dust.” Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering 42, no. 4 (May 19, 2018): 451–459. doi:10.1007/s40996-018-0112-5.
[24] Sujatha, Evangelin Ramani, A. R. Geetha, R. Jananee, and S. R. Karunya. "Strength and mechanical behaviour of coir reinforced lime stabilized soil." Geomechanics and Engineering 16, no. 6 (2018): 627-634. doi:10.12989/gae.2018.16.6.627.
[25] Kalantary, Farzin, Dariush Abbasi Govanjik, and Mahdi Safdari Seh Gonbad. "Stimulation of Native Microorganisms for Improving Loose Salty Sand.” Geomicrobiology Journal 36, no. 6 (March 12, 2019): 533–542. doi:10.1080/01490451.2019.1579876.
[26] Wei, Yi, and Shi-Hong Zhang. "Abiostress Resistance and Cellulose Degradation Abilities of Haloalkaliphilic Fungi: Applications for Saline–alkaline Remediation.” Extremophiles 22, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 155–164. doi:10.1007/s00792-017-0986-3.
[27] Hoang, Tung, James Alleman, Bora Cetin, Kaoru Ikuma, and Sun-Gyu Choi. "Sand and Silty-Sand Soil Stabilization Using Bacterial Enzyme–induced Calcite Precipitation (BEICP).” Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 6 (June 2019): 808–822. doi:10.1139/cgj-2018-0191.
[28] Rao, Sudhakar M., and P. Shivananda. "Role of Curing Temperature in Progress of Lime-Soil Reactions.” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 23, no. 1 (February 2005): 79–85. doi:10.1007/s10706-003-3157-5.
[29] Broms, Bengt B. "Stabilization of Slopes and Deep Excavations with Lime and Cement Columns." Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering 8, no. 6 (1986): 18-25.
[30] Ciancio, D., C.T.S. Beckett, and J.A.H. Carraro. "Optimum Lime Content Identification for Lime-Stabilised Rammed Earth.” Construction and Building Materials 53 (February 2014): 59–65. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.077.
[31] Dongyan Sun. "Study on mechanical properties and mechanism of unsaturated saline soil and solidified soil with lime in Zhenlai under freeze-thaw cycles.” Doctoral dissertation of Jilin University, (2017).
[2] Hui-qing, Liu, Xu Jia-wei, and Wu Xiu-qin. "Present Situation and Tendency of Saline-Alkali Soil in West Jilin Province.” Journal of Geographical Sciences 11, no. 3 (July 2001): 321–328. doi:10.1007/bf02892316.
[3] Yang, Fan, Guangxin Zhang, Xiongrui Yin, Zhijun Liu, and Zhigang Huang. "Study on Capillary Rise from Shallow Groundwater and Critical Water Table Depth of a Saline-Sodic Soil in Western Songnen Plain of China.” Environmental Earth Sciences 64, no. 8 (April 1, 2011): 2119–2126. doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1038-4.
[4] Liu, Yaowu, Qing Wang, Shouwei Liu, Yunlong ShangGuan, Huicheng Fu, Bing Ma, Huie Chen, and Xiaoqing Yuan. "Experimental Investigation of the Geotechnical Properties and Microstructure of Lime-Stabilized Saline Soils under Freeze-Thaw Cycling.” Cold Regions Science and Technology 161 (May 2019): 32–42. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.03.003.
[5] Liu, Yufeng, Qing Wang, Xudong Zhang, Shengyuan Song, Cencen Niu, and Yunlong Shangguan. "Using ANFIS and BPNN Methods to Predict the Unfrozen Water Content of Saline Soil in Western Jilin, China.” Symmetry 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2018): 16. doi:10.3390/sym11010016.
[6] Han, Yan, Qing Wang, Ning Wang, Jiaqi Wang, Xudong Zhang, Shukai Cheng, and Yuanyuan Kong. "Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Shear Strength of Saline Soil.” Cold Regions Science and Technology 154 (October 2018): 42–53. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2018.06.002.
[7] Wang, Q., Y. Liu, S. Liu, X. D. Zhang, W. Peng, C. Y. Li, X. C. Xu, and J. H. Fan. "Evolution law of the properties of saline soil in Western Jilin province under multi field effect." Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition) 47, no. 3 (2017): 807-817.
[8] Han, Y., Qin, W. C., & Wang, Y. Q. "Study on the Polarized Reflectance Hyperspectral Characteristics and Models of Typical Saline Soil in the West of Jilin Province, China.” Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis 34, no. 6 (June 2014): 1640-1644. doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2014)06-1640-05.
[9] Xudong Zhang, Qing Wang, Peng-fei Li, and Rui-ying Wang "Study on soil dispersion of "mud forest" in Qian'an.” Journal of Northeastern University (Natural Science) 36, no. 11 (November 2015): 1643-1647. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3026.2015.11.027.
[10] Zhang, XuDong, Qing Wang, TianWen Yu, ShuoChao Bao, Gang Wang, Xin Zhou, and CenCen Niu. "A study of soil dispersivity in Qian'an, western Jilin Province of China." Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions 7, no. 5 (2018): 579-586. doi:10.3724/sp.J.1226.2015.00579.
[11] Han, Yan, Qing Wang, Yuanyuan Kong, Shukai Cheng, Jiaqi Wang, Xudong Zhang, and Ning Wang. "Experiments on the Initial Freezing Point of Dispersive Saline Soil.” CATENA 171 (December 2018): 681–690. doi:10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.046.
[12] Ghosh, Ambarish, and Chillara Subbarao. "Microstructural development in fly ash modified with lime and gypsum." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 2001): 65-70. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2001)13:1(65).
[13] Yarbaşı, Necmi, Ekrem Kalkan, and Suat Akbulut. "Modification of the Geotechnical Properties, as Influenced by Freeze–thaw, of Granular Soils with Waste Additives.” Cold Regions Science and Technology 48, no. 1 (April 2007): 44–54. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.09.009.
[14] Bin-Shafique, Sazzad, K. Rahman, Mustafa Yaykiran, and Ireen Azfar. "The Long-Term Performance of Two Fly Ash Stabilized Fine-Grained Soil Subbases.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 54, no. 10 (August 2010): 666–672. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.11.007.
[15] Cuisinier, Olivier, Jean-Claude Auriol, Tangi Le Borgne, and Dimitri Deneele. "Microstructure and Hydraulic Conductivity of a Compacted Lime-Treated Soil.” Engineering Geology 123, no. 3 (November 2011): 187–193. doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.07.010.
[16] Ziaie-Moayed, Reza, Mohammad Samimifar, and Mehrad Kamalzare. "Improvement of Shear Strength Characteristics of Saline Soil Using Cement and Polymer.” International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 5, no. 3 (July 2011): 307–314. doi:10.3328/ijge.2011.05.03.307-314.
[17] Liu, Cheng Bin. "Research on Strength and Microstructure Feature of Solidified Saline Soil in Inshore with Slag Cementitious Material.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 174–177 (May 2012): 1232–1237. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.1232.
[18] Jha, Arvind Kumar, and P.V. Sivapullaiah. "Volume Change Behavior of Lime Treated Gypseous Soil ” Influence of Mineralogy and Microstructure.” Applied Clay Science 119 (January 2016): 202–212. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2015.09.017.
[19] Ye, B., Z. R. Cheng, C. Liu, Y. D. Zhang, and P. Lu. "Liquefaction Resistance of Sand Reinforced with Randomly Distributed Polypropylene Fibres.” Geosynthetics International 24, no. 6 (December 2017): 625–636. doi:10.1680/jgein.17.00029.
[20] Zhang, L., N. W. Wang, L. P. Jing, C. Fang, Z. D. Shan, and Y. Q. Li. "Electro-Osmotic Chemical Treatment for Marine Clayey Soils: A Laboratory Experiment and A Field Study.” Geotechnical Testing Journal 40, no. 1 (December 19, 2016): 20150229. doi:10.1520/gtj20150229.
[21] Ta'negonbadi, Bahram, and Reza Noorzad. "Physical and Geotechnical Long-Term Properties of Lignosulfonate-Stabilized Clay: An Experimental Investigation.” Transportation Geotechnics 17 (December 2018): 41–50. doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2018.09.001.
[22] Choobbasti, Asskar Janalizadeh, Ali Vafaei, and Saman Soleimani Kutanaei. "Static and Cyclic Triaxial Behavior of Cemented Sand with Nanosilica.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 10 (October 2018): 04018269. doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002464.
[23] Badv, K., and J. Hoseinpour Lonbar. "Treatment of Urmia Peat by Cement Kiln Dust.” Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering 42, no. 4 (May 19, 2018): 451–459. doi:10.1007/s40996-018-0112-5.
[24] Sujatha, Evangelin Ramani, A. R. Geetha, R. Jananee, and S. R. Karunya. "Strength and mechanical behaviour of coir reinforced lime stabilized soil." Geomechanics and Engineering 16, no. 6 (2018): 627-634. doi:10.12989/gae.2018.16.6.627.
[25] Kalantary, Farzin, Dariush Abbasi Govanjik, and Mahdi Safdari Seh Gonbad. "Stimulation of Native Microorganisms for Improving Loose Salty Sand.” Geomicrobiology Journal 36, no. 6 (March 12, 2019): 533–542. doi:10.1080/01490451.2019.1579876.
[26] Wei, Yi, and Shi-Hong Zhang. "Abiostress Resistance and Cellulose Degradation Abilities of Haloalkaliphilic Fungi: Applications for Saline–alkaline Remediation.” Extremophiles 22, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 155–164. doi:10.1007/s00792-017-0986-3.
[27] Hoang, Tung, James Alleman, Bora Cetin, Kaoru Ikuma, and Sun-Gyu Choi. "Sand and Silty-Sand Soil Stabilization Using Bacterial Enzyme–induced Calcite Precipitation (BEICP).” Canadian Geotechnical Journal 56, no. 6 (June 2019): 808–822. doi:10.1139/cgj-2018-0191.
[28] Rao, Sudhakar M., and P. Shivananda. "Role of Curing Temperature in Progress of Lime-Soil Reactions.” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 23, no. 1 (February 2005): 79–85. doi:10.1007/s10706-003-3157-5.
[29] Broms, Bengt B. "Stabilization of Slopes and Deep Excavations with Lime and Cement Columns." Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Engineering 8, no. 6 (1986): 18-25.
[30] Ciancio, D., C.T.S. Beckett, and J.A.H. Carraro. "Optimum Lime Content Identification for Lime-Stabilised Rammed Earth.” Construction and Building Materials 53 (February 2014): 59–65. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.077.
[31] Dongyan Sun. "Study on mechanical properties and mechanism of unsaturated saline soil and solidified soil with lime in Zhenlai under freeze-thaw cycles.” Doctoral dissertation of Jilin University, (2017).
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