Catalytic Removal of Ozone by Pd/ACFs and Optimal Design of Ozone Converter for Air Purification in Aircraft Cabin
Vol. 5 No. 8 (2019): August
Research Articles
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Ozone in aircraft cabin can bring obvious adverse impact on indoor air quality and occupant health. The objective of this study is to experimentally explore the ozone removal performance of flat-type catalyst film by loading nanometer palladium on the activated carbon fibers (Pd/ACFs), and optimize the configuration of ozone converter to make it meet the design requirements. A one-through ozone removal unit with three different Pd/ACFs space was used to test the ozone removal performance and the flow resistance characteristic under various temperature and flow velocity. The results show that the ozone removal rate of the ozone removal unit with the Pd/ACFs space of 1.5 mm can reach 99% and the maximum pressure drop is only 1.9 kPa at the reaction temperature of 200℃. The relationship between pressure drop and flow velocity in the ozone removal unit has a good fit to the Darcy-Forchheimer model. An ozone converter with flat-type reactor was designed and processed based on the one-through ozone removal experiment, its ozone removal rate and maximum pressure drop were 97% and 7.51 kPa, separately, with the condition of 150℃ and 10.63 m/s. It can meet the design requirements of ozone converter for air purification and develop a healthier aircraft cabin environment.
Wu, F., Lu, Y., Wang, M., Zhang, X., & Yang, C. (2019). Catalytic Removal of Ozone by Pd/ACFs and Optimal Design of Ozone Converter for Air Purification in Aircraft Cabin. Civil Engineering Journal, 5(8), 1656–1671. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091361
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[1] Wang, Jun, and Yong Chen. "Concentration Characteristics of Ozone and Product for Indoor Occupant Surface Chemical Reaction under Displacement Ventilation.” Energy and Buildings 130 (October 2016): 378–387. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.08.065.
[2] Bekö, Gabriel, Joseph G. Allen, Charles J. Weschler, Jose Vallarino, and John D. Spengler. "Impact of Cabin Ozone Concentrations on Passenger Reported Symptoms in Commercial Aircraft.” Edited by Qinghua Sun. PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (May 26, 2015): e0128454. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128454.
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[5] Tashkin, Donald P., Anne H. Coulson, Michael S. Simmons, and Gary H. Spivey. "Respiratory Symptoms of Flight Attendants during High-Altitude Flight: Possible Relation to Cabin Ozone Exposure.” International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 52, no. 2 (July 1983): 117–137. doi:10.1007/bf00405416.
[6] M. Amann, D. Derwent, B. Forsberg, O. Hänninen, F. Hurley, M. Krzyzanowski, F.D. Leeuw, S.J. Liu, C. Mandin, J. Schneider, Health risks of ozone from long-range transboundary air pollution, (2008).
[7] Gao, Kai, Jiarong Xie, and Xudong Yang. "Estimation of the Contribution of Human Skin and Ozone Reaction to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Concentration in Aircraft Cabins.” Building and Environment 94 (December 2015): 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.07.022.
[8] Lian, Zhihua, Jinzhu Ma, and Hong He. "Decomposition of High-Level Ozone under High Humidity over Mn–Fe Catalyst: The Influence of Iron Precursors.” Catalysis Communications 59 (January 2015): 156–160. doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2014.10.005.
[9] Kaminskii, Vladimir, Elena Kossovich, Svetlana Epshtein, Liudmila Obvintseva, and Valeria Nesterova. "Activity of Coals of Different Rank to Ozone.” AIMS Energy 5, no. 6 (2017): 960–973. doi:10.3934/energy.2017.6.960.
[10] Lu, Yuanwei, Xiaohua Zhao, Mingyuan Wang, Zhilong Yang, XingJuan Zhang, and Chunxin Yang. "Feasibility Analysis on Photocatalytic Removal of Gaseous Ozone in Aircraft Cabins.” Building and Environment 81 (November 2014): 42–50. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.024.
[11] Yuille, Lindsay, Denise Bryant-Lukosius, Ruta Valaitis, and Lisa Dolovich. "Optimizing Registered Nurse Roles in the Delivery of Cancer Survivorship Care within Primary Care Settings.” Canadian Journal of Nursing Leadership 29, no. 4 (December 6, 2106): 46–58. doi:10.12927/cjnl.2016.24984.
[12] Rai, Aakash C., and Qingyan Chen. "Simulations of Ozone Distributions in an Aircraft Cabin Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.” Atmospheric Environment 54 (July 2012): 348–357. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.010.
[13] "The Airliner Cabin Environment and the Health of Passengers and Crew” (January 3, 2002). doi:10.17226/10238.
[14] Fadeyi, Moshood Olawale. "Ozone in Indoor Environments: Research Progress in the Past 15 Years.” Sustainable Cities and Society 18 (November 2015): 78–94. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2015.05.011.
[15] Yu, Quanwei, Hao Pan, Ming Zhao, Zhimin Liu, Jianli Wang, Yaoqiang Chen, and Maochu Gong. "Influence of Calcination Temperature on the Performance of Pd–Mn/SiO2–Al2O3 Catalysts for Ozone Decomposition.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 172, no. 2–3 (December 2009): 631–634. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.040.
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[18] YU, Quanwei, Ming ZHAO, Zhimin LIU, Xiaoyu ZHANG, Lingmin ZHENG, Yaoqiang CHEN, and Maochu GONG. "Catalytic Decomposition of Ozone in Ground Air by Manganese-Based Monolith Catalysts.” Chinese Journal of Catalysis 30, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–3. doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(08)60082-0.
[19] Wang, Xin, Xin Tan, and Tao Yu. "Kinetic Study of Ozone Photocatalytic Decomposition Using a Thin Film of TiO2 Coated on a Glass Plate and the CFD Modeling Approach.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 19 (April 30, 2014): 7902–7909. doi:10.1021/ie403144w.
[20] Jodzis, SŠ‚awomir, and Tobiasz Barczyński. "Ozone Synthesis and Decomposition in Oxygen-Fed Pulsed DBD System: Effect of Ozone Concentration, Power Density, and Residence Time.” Ozone: Science & Engineering 41, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 69–79. doi:10.1080/01919512.2018.1506317.
[21] R.Q. Liu, M. Zhao, R.F. Wang, Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts for Ozone Decomposition, Jiangsu Environmental Science & Technology, (2008).
[22] Schaub, R., P. Thostrup, N. Lopez, E. Lí¦gsgaard, I. Stensgaard, J. K. Ní¸rskov, and F. Besenbacher. "Oxygen Vacancies as Active Sites for Water Dissociation on RutileTiO2(110).” Physical Review Letters 87, no. 26 (December 6, 2001). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.266104.
[23] Wu, Fan, Mingyuan Wang, Yuanwei Lu, Xingjuan Zhang, and Chunxin Yang. "Catalytic Removal of Ozone and Design of an Ozone Converter for the Bleeding Air Purification of Aircraft Cabin.” Building and Environment 115 (April 2017): 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.01.007.
[24] CHEN, Bingyan, Xiangxiang GAO, Ke CHEN, Changyu LIU, Qinshu LI, Wei SU, Yongfeng JIANG, Xiang HE, Changping ZHU, and Juntao FEI. "Regulation Characteristics of Oxide Generation and Formaldehyde Removal by Using Volume DBD Reactor.” Plasma Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (December 21, 2017): 024009. doi:10.1088/2058-6272/aa9b7a.
[25] Xu, Zhonglin. "Operational Property of Air Purifier.” Air Purifier (September 4, 2018): 51–63. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2532-8_5.
[26] Heisig, Christopher, Weimin Zhang, and S.Ted Oyama. "Decomposition of Ozone Using Carbon-Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts.” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 14, no. 1–2 (December 1997): 117–129. doi:10.1016/s0926-3373(97)00017-9.
[27] Lee, Poshin, and Jane Davidson. "Evaluation of Activated Carbon Filters for Removal of Ozone at the PPB Level.” American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 60, no. 5 (September 1999): 589–600. doi:10.1080/00028899908984478.
[28] S.J. Shuai, J.X. Wang, R.J. Zhuang, Pressure losses in automotive catalytic converters, Journal of Tsinghua University, (2001).
[29] Regulski, W., J. Szumbarski, Š. Šaniewski-WoŠ‚Š‚k, K. Gumowski, J. Skibiński, M. Wichrowski, and T. Wejrzanowski. "Pressure Drop in Flow Across Ceramic foams”A Numerical and Experimental Study.” Chemical Engineering Science 137 (December 2015): 320–337. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2015.06.043.
[30] Ergun S. Fluid flow through packed columns[J]. Chemical Engineering Progress, 1952, 48(2): 89-94
[31] Edouard, David, Maxime Lacroix, Cuong Pham Huu, and Francis Luck. "Pressure Drop Modeling on SOLID Foam: State-of-the Art Correlation.” Chemical Engineering Journal 144, no. 2 (October 2008): 299–311. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2008.06.007.
[32] Weisel, Clifford, Charles J. Weschler, Kris Mohan, Jose Vallarino, and John D. Spengler. "Ozone and Ozone Byproducts in the Cabins of Commercial Aircraft.” Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 9 (April 5, 2013): 4711–4717. doi:10.1021/es3046795.
[33] Ronald M. Heck, Robert J. Farrauto, Suresh T. Gulati "Ozone Abatement Within Jet Aircraft.” Catalytic Air Pollution Control (April 11, 2012): 357–373. doi:10.1002/9781118397749.ch10.
[34] Heck, R.M., R.J. Farrauto, and H.C. Lee. "Commercial Development and Experience with Catalytic Ozone Abatement in Jet Aircraft.” Catalysis Today 13, no. 1 (March 1992): 43–58. doi:10.1016/0920-5861(92)80186-q.
[35] Chen, Wenhua, Junjie Liu, Fei Li, Xiaodong Cao, Jiayu Li, Xueliang Zhu, and Qingyan Chen. "Ventilation Similarity of an Aircraft Cabin Mockup with a Real MD-82 Commercial Airliner.” Building and Environment 111 (January 2017): 80–90. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.10.017.
[36] "ASHRAE Publishes Residential Air Quality Standard.” Filtration & Separation 44, no. 8 (October 2007): 6. doi:10.1016/s0015-1882(07)70224-0.
[37] Bhangar, Seema, Shannon C. Cowlin, Brett C. Singer, Richard G. Sextro, and William W. Nazaroff. "Ozone Levels in Passenger Cabins of Commercial Aircraft on North American and Transoceanic Routes.” Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 11 (June 2008): 3938–3943. doi:10.1021/es702967k.
[38] Milenova, K, Nikolov, P. , Stambolova, I. , Nikolov, P. , Blaskov, V.. "Carbon Supported Cu and TiO2 Catalysts Applied for Ozone Decomposition". World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Science Index, Environmental and Ecological Engineering (2015), 9(3), 493.
[2] Bekö, Gabriel, Joseph G. Allen, Charles J. Weschler, Jose Vallarino, and John D. Spengler. "Impact of Cabin Ozone Concentrations on Passenger Reported Symptoms in Commercial Aircraft.” Edited by Qinghua Sun. PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (May 26, 2015): e0128454. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0128454.
[3] ÄŒavka, Ivana, Olja ÄŒokorilo, and LjubiŠ¡a Vasov. "Energy Efficiency in Aircraft Cabin Environment: Safety and Design.” Energy and Buildings 115 (March 2016): 63–68. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.01.015.
[4] Bhangar, Seema, and William W Nazaroff. "Atmospheric Ozone Levels Encountered by Commercial Aircraft on Transatlantic Routes.” Environmental Research Letters 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): 014006. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014006.
[5] Tashkin, Donald P., Anne H. Coulson, Michael S. Simmons, and Gary H. Spivey. "Respiratory Symptoms of Flight Attendants during High-Altitude Flight: Possible Relation to Cabin Ozone Exposure.” International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 52, no. 2 (July 1983): 117–137. doi:10.1007/bf00405416.
[6] M. Amann, D. Derwent, B. Forsberg, O. Hänninen, F. Hurley, M. Krzyzanowski, F.D. Leeuw, S.J. Liu, C. Mandin, J. Schneider, Health risks of ozone from long-range transboundary air pollution, (2008).
[7] Gao, Kai, Jiarong Xie, and Xudong Yang. "Estimation of the Contribution of Human Skin and Ozone Reaction to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Concentration in Aircraft Cabins.” Building and Environment 94 (December 2015): 12–20. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.07.022.
[8] Lian, Zhihua, Jinzhu Ma, and Hong He. "Decomposition of High-Level Ozone under High Humidity over Mn–Fe Catalyst: The Influence of Iron Precursors.” Catalysis Communications 59 (January 2015): 156–160. doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2014.10.005.
[9] Kaminskii, Vladimir, Elena Kossovich, Svetlana Epshtein, Liudmila Obvintseva, and Valeria Nesterova. "Activity of Coals of Different Rank to Ozone.” AIMS Energy 5, no. 6 (2017): 960–973. doi:10.3934/energy.2017.6.960.
[10] Lu, Yuanwei, Xiaohua Zhao, Mingyuan Wang, Zhilong Yang, XingJuan Zhang, and Chunxin Yang. "Feasibility Analysis on Photocatalytic Removal of Gaseous Ozone in Aircraft Cabins.” Building and Environment 81 (November 2014): 42–50. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.024.
[11] Yuille, Lindsay, Denise Bryant-Lukosius, Ruta Valaitis, and Lisa Dolovich. "Optimizing Registered Nurse Roles in the Delivery of Cancer Survivorship Care within Primary Care Settings.” Canadian Journal of Nursing Leadership 29, no. 4 (December 6, 2106): 46–58. doi:10.12927/cjnl.2016.24984.
[12] Rai, Aakash C., and Qingyan Chen. "Simulations of Ozone Distributions in an Aircraft Cabin Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.” Atmospheric Environment 54 (July 2012): 348–357. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.02.010.
[13] "The Airliner Cabin Environment and the Health of Passengers and Crew” (January 3, 2002). doi:10.17226/10238.
[14] Fadeyi, Moshood Olawale. "Ozone in Indoor Environments: Research Progress in the Past 15 Years.” Sustainable Cities and Society 18 (November 2015): 78–94. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2015.05.011.
[15] Yu, Quanwei, Hao Pan, Ming Zhao, Zhimin Liu, Jianli Wang, Yaoqiang Chen, and Maochu Gong. "Influence of Calcination Temperature on the Performance of Pd–Mn/SiO2–Al2O3 Catalysts for Ozone Decomposition.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 172, no. 2–3 (December 2009): 631–634. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.040.
[16] Nikolov, Penko, Krassimir Genov, Petya Konova, Katya Milenova, Todor Batakliev, Vladimir Georgiev, Narendra Kumar, Dipak K. Sarker, Dimitar Pishev, and Slavcho Rakovsky. "Ozone Decomposition on Ag/SiO2 and Ag/clinoptilolite Catalysts at Ambient Temperature.” Journal of Hazardous Materials 184, no. 1–3 (December 2010): 16–19. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.07.056.
[17] Tatibouí«t, Jean-Michel, Sabine Valange, and Houcine Touati. "Near-Ambient Temperature Ozone Decomposition Kinetics on Manganese Oxide-Based Catalysts.” Applied Catalysis A: General 569 (January 2019): 126–133. doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2018.10.026.
[18] YU, Quanwei, Ming ZHAO, Zhimin LIU, Xiaoyu ZHANG, Lingmin ZHENG, Yaoqiang CHEN, and Maochu GONG. "Catalytic Decomposition of Ozone in Ground Air by Manganese-Based Monolith Catalysts.” Chinese Journal of Catalysis 30, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–3. doi:10.1016/s1872-2067(08)60082-0.
[19] Wang, Xin, Xin Tan, and Tao Yu. "Kinetic Study of Ozone Photocatalytic Decomposition Using a Thin Film of TiO2 Coated on a Glass Plate and the CFD Modeling Approach.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53, no. 19 (April 30, 2014): 7902–7909. doi:10.1021/ie403144w.
[20] Jodzis, SŠ‚awomir, and Tobiasz Barczyński. "Ozone Synthesis and Decomposition in Oxygen-Fed Pulsed DBD System: Effect of Ozone Concentration, Power Density, and Residence Time.” Ozone: Science & Engineering 41, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 69–79. doi:10.1080/01919512.2018.1506317.
[21] R.Q. Liu, M. Zhao, R.F. Wang, Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts for Ozone Decomposition, Jiangsu Environmental Science & Technology, (2008).
[22] Schaub, R., P. Thostrup, N. Lopez, E. Lí¦gsgaard, I. Stensgaard, J. K. Ní¸rskov, and F. Besenbacher. "Oxygen Vacancies as Active Sites for Water Dissociation on RutileTiO2(110).” Physical Review Letters 87, no. 26 (December 6, 2001). doi:10.1103/physrevlett.87.266104.
[23] Wu, Fan, Mingyuan Wang, Yuanwei Lu, Xingjuan Zhang, and Chunxin Yang. "Catalytic Removal of Ozone and Design of an Ozone Converter for the Bleeding Air Purification of Aircraft Cabin.” Building and Environment 115 (April 2017): 25–33. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.01.007.
[24] CHEN, Bingyan, Xiangxiang GAO, Ke CHEN, Changyu LIU, Qinshu LI, Wei SU, Yongfeng JIANG, Xiang HE, Changping ZHU, and Juntao FEI. "Regulation Characteristics of Oxide Generation and Formaldehyde Removal by Using Volume DBD Reactor.” Plasma Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (December 21, 2017): 024009. doi:10.1088/2058-6272/aa9b7a.
[25] Xu, Zhonglin. "Operational Property of Air Purifier.” Air Purifier (September 4, 2018): 51–63. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2532-8_5.
[26] Heisig, Christopher, Weimin Zhang, and S.Ted Oyama. "Decomposition of Ozone Using Carbon-Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts.” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 14, no. 1–2 (December 1997): 117–129. doi:10.1016/s0926-3373(97)00017-9.
[27] Lee, Poshin, and Jane Davidson. "Evaluation of Activated Carbon Filters for Removal of Ozone at the PPB Level.” American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 60, no. 5 (September 1999): 589–600. doi:10.1080/00028899908984478.
[28] S.J. Shuai, J.X. Wang, R.J. Zhuang, Pressure losses in automotive catalytic converters, Journal of Tsinghua University, (2001).
[29] Regulski, W., J. Szumbarski, Š. Šaniewski-WoŠ‚Š‚k, K. Gumowski, J. Skibiński, M. Wichrowski, and T. Wejrzanowski. "Pressure Drop in Flow Across Ceramic foams”A Numerical and Experimental Study.” Chemical Engineering Science 137 (December 2015): 320–337. doi:10.1016/j.ces.2015.06.043.
[30] Ergun S. Fluid flow through packed columns[J]. Chemical Engineering Progress, 1952, 48(2): 89-94
[31] Edouard, David, Maxime Lacroix, Cuong Pham Huu, and Francis Luck. "Pressure Drop Modeling on SOLID Foam: State-of-the Art Correlation.” Chemical Engineering Journal 144, no. 2 (October 2008): 299–311. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2008.06.007.
[32] Weisel, Clifford, Charles J. Weschler, Kris Mohan, Jose Vallarino, and John D. Spengler. "Ozone and Ozone Byproducts in the Cabins of Commercial Aircraft.” Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 9 (April 5, 2013): 4711–4717. doi:10.1021/es3046795.
[33] Ronald M. Heck, Robert J. Farrauto, Suresh T. Gulati "Ozone Abatement Within Jet Aircraft.” Catalytic Air Pollution Control (April 11, 2012): 357–373. doi:10.1002/9781118397749.ch10.
[34] Heck, R.M., R.J. Farrauto, and H.C. Lee. "Commercial Development and Experience with Catalytic Ozone Abatement in Jet Aircraft.” Catalysis Today 13, no. 1 (March 1992): 43–58. doi:10.1016/0920-5861(92)80186-q.
[35] Chen, Wenhua, Junjie Liu, Fei Li, Xiaodong Cao, Jiayu Li, Xueliang Zhu, and Qingyan Chen. "Ventilation Similarity of an Aircraft Cabin Mockup with a Real MD-82 Commercial Airliner.” Building and Environment 111 (January 2017): 80–90. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.10.017.
[36] "ASHRAE Publishes Residential Air Quality Standard.” Filtration & Separation 44, no. 8 (October 2007): 6. doi:10.1016/s0015-1882(07)70224-0.
[37] Bhangar, Seema, Shannon C. Cowlin, Brett C. Singer, Richard G. Sextro, and William W. Nazaroff. "Ozone Levels in Passenger Cabins of Commercial Aircraft on North American and Transoceanic Routes.” Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 11 (June 2008): 3938–3943. doi:10.1021/es702967k.
[38] Milenova, K, Nikolov, P. , Stambolova, I. , Nikolov, P. , Blaskov, V.. "Carbon Supported Cu and TiO2 Catalysts Applied for Ozone Decomposition". World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Science Index, Environmental and Ecological Engineering (2015), 9(3), 493.
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