Development of 3-D Finite Element Models for Geo-Jute Reinforced Flexible Pavement
Vol. 5 No. 2 (2019): February
Research Articles
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In this study, three dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis are performed to evaluate the effect of geo-textile interlayer on the performance of flexible pavement. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the improvement in stress distribution of flexible pavement due to the application of geo-jute at three specific positions i.e., subgrade-base interface, base-asphalt layer interface, and within asphalt layers. Stress, strain and displacement values are investigated and compared for the application of geo-jute interlayer on various positions. Moreover, to better understand the mechanistic behavior of geo-jute on pavement subgrade, a separate 3-D finite element model is developed to simulate the California bearing ratio (CBR) test on geo-jute reinforced soil. Results showed that the inclusion of geo-jute on flexible pavement significantly improves the pavement performance by producing lower stress, strain, and displacement at top of the subgrade. Moreover, the bearing capacity of subgrade soil increased more than 20% due to the inclusion of geo-jute.
Rahman, M. M., Saha, S., Hamdi, A. S. A., & Alam, M. J. B. (2019). Development of 3-D Finite Element Models for Geo-Jute Reinforced Flexible Pavement. Civil Engineering Journal, 5(2), 437–446. https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2019-03091258
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[2] Foster, Charles R., and Richard Glen Ahlvin. "Development of multiple-wheel CBR design criteria.” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 84, no. 2 (1958): 1-12.
[3] Burmister, Donald M. "The Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Systems and Applications to the Design of Airport Runways.” In Highway Research Board, p. 130. (1943).
[4] Burmister, Donald M. "The general theory of stresses and displacements in layered soil systems. III.” Journal of applied Physics 16, no. 5 (1945): 296-302. doi: 10.1063/1.1707562.
[5] Duncan, James Michael, Carl L. Monismith, and Edward L. Wilson. "Finite element analysis of pavements.” Highway Research Record 228 (1968): 18-33.
[6] Tarefder, Rafiqul Alam, and Md Mostaqur Rahman. "Development of System Dynamic Approaches to Airport Pavements Maintenance.” Journal of Transportation Engineering 142, no. 8 (2016): 04016027. doi: 10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000856.
[7] Bianchini, Alessandra, and Paola Bandini. "Prediction of pavement performance through neuro"fuzzy reasoning.” Computer"Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 25, no. 1 (2010): 39-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8667.2009.00615.x.
[8] Barksdale, Richard D., Stephen F. Brown, and Francis Chan. Potential benefits of geosynthetics in flexible pavement systems. No. 315. (1989).
[9] Das, B. M. "Foundation on sand underlain by soft clay with geotextile at sand-clay interface.” Proceedings of Geosynthetics' 89 (1989): 203-214.
[10] Austin, D. N., and D. M. Coleman. "A field evaluation of geosynthetic-reinforced haul roads over soft foundation soils.” In Proc., Geosynthetic Conference, pp. 65-80. (1993).
[11] Al-Qadi, Imad L., Thomas L. Brandon, Richard J. Valentine, Bruce A. Lacina, and Timothy E. Smith. "Laboratory evaluation of geosynthetic-reinforced pavement sections.” Transportation Research Record 1439. (1994).
[12] Al-Qadi, Imad L., Samer H. Dessouky, Jayhyun Kwon, and Erol Tutumluer. "Geogrid in flexible pavements: validated mechanism.” Transportation Research Record 2045, no. 1 (2008): 102-109. doi: 10.3141/2045-12.
[13] Howard, Isaac L., and Kimberly A. Warren. "Finite-element modeling of instrumented flexible pavements under stationary transient loading.” Journal of Transportation Engineering 135, no. 2 (2009): 53-61. doi: 10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2009)135:2(53).
[14] Koerner, Robert M. "Emerging and future developments of selected geosynthetic applications.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 126, no. 4 (2000): 293-306. doi: 10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2000)126:4(293).
[15] Kuo, Chen"Ming, and Fang"Ju Chou. "Development of 3"D finite element model for flexible pavements.” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 27, no. 5 (2004): 707-717. doi: 10.1080/02533839.2004.9670918.
[16] Kwon, Jayhyun, E. Tutumluer, and M. Kim. "Development of a mechanistic model for geosynthetic-reinforced flexible pavements.” Geosynthetics International 12, no. 6 (2005): 310-320. doi: 10.1680/gein.2005.12.6.310.
[17] Abu-Farsakh, Murad Y., Jie Gu, George Z. Voyiadjis, and Qiming Chen. "Mechanistic–empirical analysis of the results of finite element analysis on flexible pavement with geogrid base reinforcement.” International Journal of Pavement Engineering15, no. 9 (2014): 786-798. doi: 10.1080/10298436.2014.893315.
[18] Haas, Ralph. "Structural behaviour of Tensar reinforced pavements and some field applications.” In Polymer grid reinforcement, pp. 166-170. Thomas Telford Publishing, (1984).
[19] Perkins, S. W., M. Ismeik, M. L. Fogelsong, Y. Wang, and E. V. Cuelho. "Geosynthetic-reinforced pavements: Overview and preliminary results.” In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics, pp. 951-958. (1998). doi:10.1680/gein.4.0107.
[20] Ling, Hoe I., and Huabei Liu. "Finite element studies of asphalt concrete pavement reinforced with geogrid.” Journal of engineering mechanics 129, no. 7 (2003): 801-811. doi: 10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2003)129:7(801).
[21] Correia, N. S., E. R. Esquivel, and J. G. Zornberg. "Finite-Element Evaluations of Geogrid-Reinforced Asphalt Overlays over Flexible Pavements.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements 144, no. 2 (2018): 04018020. doi:10.1061/JPEODX.0000043.
[22] Rahman, M. T., Kashif Mahmud, and S. Ahsan. "Stress-strain characteristics of flexible pavement using finite element analysis.” International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 2, no. 1 (2011): 233.
[23] Hu, Xiaodi, Abu NM Faruk, Jun Zhang, Mena I. Souliman, and Lubinda F. Walubita. "Effects of tire inclination (turning traffic) and dynamic loading on the pavement stress–strain responses using 3-D finite element modeling.” International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 10, no. 4 (2017): 304-314. doi: 10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.04.005.
[24] Ramos-García, J. Antonio, and María Castro. "Linear visco-elastic behavior of asphalt pavements: 3D-FE response models.” Construction and Building Materials 136 (2017): 414-425. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.015.
[25] Taherkhani, Hasan, and Masoud Jalali. "Investigating the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced asphaltic pavement under various axle loads using finite-element method.” Road Materials and Pavement Design 18, no. 5 (2017): 1200-1217. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2016.1201525.
[26] Hussein, M. G., and M. A. Meguid. "A three-dimensional finite element approach for modeling biaxial geogrid with application to geogrid-reinforced soils.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes44, no. 3 (2016): 295-307. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.12.004.
[27] Sudarsanan, Nithin, Sunil Ranjan Mohapatra, Rajagopal Karpurapu, and Veeraragavan Amirthalingam. "Use of Natural Geotextiles to Retard Reflection Cracking in Highway Pavements.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 4 (2018): 04018036. doi: 10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002195.
[28] Rao, J. P., B. V. S. Viswanadham, and O. P. Yadav. "Jute based geotextiles & their evaluation for civil engineering applications.” In Fifth International Conference on Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products, Singapore, pp. 853-856. (1994).
[29] Singh, Vijinder, and Vinod Kumar Sonthwal. "A Review on Stabilization of Indian Soils for Road Construction by Using Jute Fiber.” Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Environmental Engineering 5, no. 1&2 (2018): 26-29. ISSN: 2394-7020.
[30] Kumar, Parvesh, and F. A. Mir. "Improvement in Subgrade Characteristics of Soil Reinforced with Jute Fiber.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 2 (2017). ISSN: 2319-8753.
[31] Singh, Amit Kumar, and R. K. Yadev. "Improvement in CBR of Expansive Soil with Jute Fiber Reinforcement.” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 11 (2016). ISSN: 2395-0056.
[32] Yashas, S. R., and H. R. Muralidhar. "Improvement of CBR using Jute Fiber for the Design of Flexible Pavement.” International Journal of Engineering Research Technology, vol. 4, no. 9 (2015). ISSN: 2278-0181.
[33] Ghosh, Barnali, V. Ramesh, and Rajarajeswari B. Vibhuti. "Improvement of Soil Characteristics Using Jute Geo-Textile.” International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR). Vol. 3, no. 7 (2014). ISSN: 2278-7798.
[34] Singh, H. P., and M. Bagra. "Improvement in CBR value of soil reinforced with jute fiber.” International journal of innovative research in science, engineering and technology. vol. 2, no. 8 (2013): 3447-3452. ISSN: 2319-8753.
[35] Hamid, Anzar, and Huda Shafiq. "Subgrade soil stabilization using jute fibre as a reinforcing material.” International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, vol. 5, no. 1 (2017): 74-80.
[36] Sarma, B., K. Kaushik, R. Bharali, and B. Sharma. "A study of CBR properties of soil reinforced with jute geotextile with reference to the road construction in Assam.” In Indian Geotechnical Conference, pp. 22-26. (2013).
[37] Saride, Sireesh, and V. Vinay Kumar. "Influence of geosynthetic-interlayers on the performance of asphalt overlays on pre-cracked pavements.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 45, no. 3 (2017): 184-196. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.01.010.
[38] Kumar, V. Vinay, and Sireesh Saride. "Evaluation of cracking resistance potential of geosynthetic reinforced asphalt overlays using direct tensile strength test.” Construction and Building Materials 162 (2018): 37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.158.
[39] AASHTO T193. Standard Method of Test for the California Bearing Ratio. "Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing”, Washington, D. C. (2003).
[40] Zaghloul, Sameh M., and Thomas White. "Use of a three-dimensional, dynamic finite element program for analysis of flexible pavement.” Transportation research record 1388. (1993).
[41] Gowda, T. Munikenche, A. C. B. Naidu, and Rajput Chhaya. "Some mechanical properties of untreated jute fabric-reinforced polyester composites.” Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing 30, no. 3 (1999): 277-284. doi: 10.1016/s1359-835x(98)00157-2.
[42] AASHTO M288. "Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Specification for Highway Applications”. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Washington, D. C. (2013).
[2] Foster, Charles R., and Richard Glen Ahlvin. "Development of multiple-wheel CBR design criteria.” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division 84, no. 2 (1958): 1-12.
[3] Burmister, Donald M. "The Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Systems and Applications to the Design of Airport Runways.” In Highway Research Board, p. 130. (1943).
[4] Burmister, Donald M. "The general theory of stresses and displacements in layered soil systems. III.” Journal of applied Physics 16, no. 5 (1945): 296-302. doi: 10.1063/1.1707562.
[5] Duncan, James Michael, Carl L. Monismith, and Edward L. Wilson. "Finite element analysis of pavements.” Highway Research Record 228 (1968): 18-33.
[6] Tarefder, Rafiqul Alam, and Md Mostaqur Rahman. "Development of System Dynamic Approaches to Airport Pavements Maintenance.” Journal of Transportation Engineering 142, no. 8 (2016): 04016027. doi: 10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000856.
[7] Bianchini, Alessandra, and Paola Bandini. "Prediction of pavement performance through neuro"fuzzy reasoning.” Computer"Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering 25, no. 1 (2010): 39-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8667.2009.00615.x.
[8] Barksdale, Richard D., Stephen F. Brown, and Francis Chan. Potential benefits of geosynthetics in flexible pavement systems. No. 315. (1989).
[9] Das, B. M. "Foundation on sand underlain by soft clay with geotextile at sand-clay interface.” Proceedings of Geosynthetics' 89 (1989): 203-214.
[10] Austin, D. N., and D. M. Coleman. "A field evaluation of geosynthetic-reinforced haul roads over soft foundation soils.” In Proc., Geosynthetic Conference, pp. 65-80. (1993).
[11] Al-Qadi, Imad L., Thomas L. Brandon, Richard J. Valentine, Bruce A. Lacina, and Timothy E. Smith. "Laboratory evaluation of geosynthetic-reinforced pavement sections.” Transportation Research Record 1439. (1994).
[12] Al-Qadi, Imad L., Samer H. Dessouky, Jayhyun Kwon, and Erol Tutumluer. "Geogrid in flexible pavements: validated mechanism.” Transportation Research Record 2045, no. 1 (2008): 102-109. doi: 10.3141/2045-12.
[13] Howard, Isaac L., and Kimberly A. Warren. "Finite-element modeling of instrumented flexible pavements under stationary transient loading.” Journal of Transportation Engineering 135, no. 2 (2009): 53-61. doi: 10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2009)135:2(53).
[14] Koerner, Robert M. "Emerging and future developments of selected geosynthetic applications.” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 126, no. 4 (2000): 293-306. doi: 10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2000)126:4(293).
[15] Kuo, Chen"Ming, and Fang"Ju Chou. "Development of 3"D finite element model for flexible pavements.” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 27, no. 5 (2004): 707-717. doi: 10.1080/02533839.2004.9670918.
[16] Kwon, Jayhyun, E. Tutumluer, and M. Kim. "Development of a mechanistic model for geosynthetic-reinforced flexible pavements.” Geosynthetics International 12, no. 6 (2005): 310-320. doi: 10.1680/gein.2005.12.6.310.
[17] Abu-Farsakh, Murad Y., Jie Gu, George Z. Voyiadjis, and Qiming Chen. "Mechanistic–empirical analysis of the results of finite element analysis on flexible pavement with geogrid base reinforcement.” International Journal of Pavement Engineering15, no. 9 (2014): 786-798. doi: 10.1080/10298436.2014.893315.
[18] Haas, Ralph. "Structural behaviour of Tensar reinforced pavements and some field applications.” In Polymer grid reinforcement, pp. 166-170. Thomas Telford Publishing, (1984).
[19] Perkins, S. W., M. Ismeik, M. L. Fogelsong, Y. Wang, and E. V. Cuelho. "Geosynthetic-reinforced pavements: Overview and preliminary results.” In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Geosynthetics, pp. 951-958. (1998). doi:10.1680/gein.4.0107.
[20] Ling, Hoe I., and Huabei Liu. "Finite element studies of asphalt concrete pavement reinforced with geogrid.” Journal of engineering mechanics 129, no. 7 (2003): 801-811. doi: 10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2003)129:7(801).
[21] Correia, N. S., E. R. Esquivel, and J. G. Zornberg. "Finite-Element Evaluations of Geogrid-Reinforced Asphalt Overlays over Flexible Pavements.” Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part B: Pavements 144, no. 2 (2018): 04018020. doi:10.1061/JPEODX.0000043.
[22] Rahman, M. T., Kashif Mahmud, and S. Ahsan. "Stress-strain characteristics of flexible pavement using finite element analysis.” International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 2, no. 1 (2011): 233.
[23] Hu, Xiaodi, Abu NM Faruk, Jun Zhang, Mena I. Souliman, and Lubinda F. Walubita. "Effects of tire inclination (turning traffic) and dynamic loading on the pavement stress–strain responses using 3-D finite element modeling.” International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology 10, no. 4 (2017): 304-314. doi: 10.1016/j.ijprt.2017.04.005.
[24] Ramos-García, J. Antonio, and María Castro. "Linear visco-elastic behavior of asphalt pavements: 3D-FE response models.” Construction and Building Materials 136 (2017): 414-425. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.015.
[25] Taherkhani, Hasan, and Masoud Jalali. "Investigating the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced asphaltic pavement under various axle loads using finite-element method.” Road Materials and Pavement Design 18, no. 5 (2017): 1200-1217. doi: 10.1080/14680629.2016.1201525.
[26] Hussein, M. G., and M. A. Meguid. "A three-dimensional finite element approach for modeling biaxial geogrid with application to geogrid-reinforced soils.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes44, no. 3 (2016): 295-307. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2015.12.004.
[27] Sudarsanan, Nithin, Sunil Ranjan Mohapatra, Rajagopal Karpurapu, and Veeraragavan Amirthalingam. "Use of Natural Geotextiles to Retard Reflection Cracking in Highway Pavements.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 4 (2018): 04018036. doi: 10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002195.
[28] Rao, J. P., B. V. S. Viswanadham, and O. P. Yadav. "Jute based geotextiles & their evaluation for civil engineering applications.” In Fifth International Conference on Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products, Singapore, pp. 853-856. (1994).
[29] Singh, Vijinder, and Vinod Kumar Sonthwal. "A Review on Stabilization of Indian Soils for Road Construction by Using Jute Fiber.” Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Environmental Engineering 5, no. 1&2 (2018): 26-29. ISSN: 2394-7020.
[30] Kumar, Parvesh, and F. A. Mir. "Improvement in Subgrade Characteristics of Soil Reinforced with Jute Fiber.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 2 (2017). ISSN: 2319-8753.
[31] Singh, Amit Kumar, and R. K. Yadev. "Improvement in CBR of Expansive Soil with Jute Fiber Reinforcement.” International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 11 (2016). ISSN: 2395-0056.
[32] Yashas, S. R., and H. R. Muralidhar. "Improvement of CBR using Jute Fiber for the Design of Flexible Pavement.” International Journal of Engineering Research Technology, vol. 4, no. 9 (2015). ISSN: 2278-0181.
[33] Ghosh, Barnali, V. Ramesh, and Rajarajeswari B. Vibhuti. "Improvement of Soil Characteristics Using Jute Geo-Textile.” International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR). Vol. 3, no. 7 (2014). ISSN: 2278-7798.
[34] Singh, H. P., and M. Bagra. "Improvement in CBR value of soil reinforced with jute fiber.” International journal of innovative research in science, engineering and technology. vol. 2, no. 8 (2013): 3447-3452. ISSN: 2319-8753.
[35] Hamid, Anzar, and Huda Shafiq. "Subgrade soil stabilization using jute fibre as a reinforcing material.” International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, vol. 5, no. 1 (2017): 74-80.
[36] Sarma, B., K. Kaushik, R. Bharali, and B. Sharma. "A study of CBR properties of soil reinforced with jute geotextile with reference to the road construction in Assam.” In Indian Geotechnical Conference, pp. 22-26. (2013).
[37] Saride, Sireesh, and V. Vinay Kumar. "Influence of geosynthetic-interlayers on the performance of asphalt overlays on pre-cracked pavements.” Geotextiles and Geomembranes 45, no. 3 (2017): 184-196. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2017.01.010.
[38] Kumar, V. Vinay, and Sireesh Saride. "Evaluation of cracking resistance potential of geosynthetic reinforced asphalt overlays using direct tensile strength test.” Construction and Building Materials 162 (2018): 37-47. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.158.
[39] AASHTO T193. Standard Method of Test for the California Bearing Ratio. "Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing”, Washington, D. C. (2003).
[40] Zaghloul, Sameh M., and Thomas White. "Use of a three-dimensional, dynamic finite element program for analysis of flexible pavement.” Transportation research record 1388. (1993).
[41] Gowda, T. Munikenche, A. C. B. Naidu, and Rajput Chhaya. "Some mechanical properties of untreated jute fabric-reinforced polyester composites.” Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing 30, no. 3 (1999): 277-284. doi: 10.1016/s1359-835x(98)00157-2.
[42] AASHTO M288. "Standard Specification for Geosynthetic Specification for Highway Applications”. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing, Washington, D. C. (2013).
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