Calculation of the Spatial Flooding Intensity with Unit Flood Response Method in the Tangrah Watershed, Iran

Masoumeh Gharib, Baharak Motamedvaziri, Bagher Ghermezcheshmeh, Hasan Ahmadi

Abstract


Increased flooding in recent years indicates that most parts of the country are subjected to periodic and destructive flood attacks. Therefore, the identification of high-risk areas with potential runoff production within a watershed area is one of the most important measures in flood control and reduction of the damage caused by it. In this study, the quasi-distributional ModClark method was employed to simulate the hydrograph of flooding, and the unit flood response method was applied to determine the intensity of flooding of different areas of the Tangrah watershed, Iran. For this purpose, the ModClark model was first calibrated and verified. Thereafter, the design of rainfall with 50 and 100-year return periods ( ) was extracted at the Tangrah station and the design flood was calculated with the above-mentioned return periods. By combining the curve number layers, slope, precipitation, and flow distance, homogeneous units were obtained in terms of the flood. The effect of each homogeneous unit on the total watershed output was obtained by the removal of each unit and implementation of the rainfall-runoff model. According to the 100-year return runoff production potential, homogeneous units of 116 with a fi (0.54 m3/ s. km2) were identified as the most effective cell in the Tangrah watershed area, which could be explained by the soil type, vegetation, and other physical factors of these units.


Keywords


ArcGIS; Distributed Model; Flooding Map; ModClark Model; Unit Flood Response.

References


Konadu, D. D. and C. Fosu, "Digital elevation models and GIS for watershed modelling and flood prediction–A case study of Accra Ghana, In: Yanful." E. K., Editor, Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Protection in the Developing World. Springer, Berlin, (2009): 325-332.

Saghafian, B., and M. Khosroshahi, "Unit Response Approach for Priority Determination of Flood Source Areas." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE, 10(4) (2005): 270-277, doi: 10.1061/ (ASCE) 1084-0699(2005)10:4(270).

Miller, S. N., W. G. Kepner, M. H. Mehaffey, M. Hernandez, R. C. Miller, D. C. Goodrich, K. K. Devonald, D. T. Heggem, and W. P. Miller, "Integrating landscape assessment and hydrologic modeling for land cover change analysis." Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 38(4) (2002): 915-929.

Juracek, K. E. "Estimation and comparison of potential runoff- contributing areas in Kansas using topographic, soil, and land use information." Water Resources Investigations Report, 00-4177(2000): 55p.

Saghafian, B., P. Y. Julien, and H. Rajaie, "Runoff Hydrgraph Simulation based on time Variable Isochrone Technique." Journal of Hydrology, 261(1-4) (2002): 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00007-0.

Foody, G. M., E. M. Ghoneim, and N. W. Arnell. "Predicting Locations Sensitive to Flash Flooding in an arid Environment." Journal of Hydrology, 292(1-4) (2004): 48-58. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.045.

Knebl, M. R., Z. L. Yang, K. Hutchison, and D. R. Maidment, "Regional Scale flood modeling using NEXRAD rainfall, GIS, and HEC-HMSRAS: a case study for the San Antonio River basin summer 2002 storm event." Journal of Environmental Management, 75 (2005): 325-336. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.024.

Linde, A. H. te, J. C. J. H. Aerts, R. T. W. L. Hurkmans, and M. Eberle, "Comparing Model Performance of two Rainfall-Runoff Models in the Rhine Basin Using Different Atmospheric Forcing Data Sets.", Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 12 (2008): 943-957.

Plate, E. J., "Classification of Hydrological models for Flood Management, Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions." 6(4) (2009): 4671-4703.

Paudel, M., E. J. Nelson, and W. Scharffenberg, "Comparision of Lumped and quasi-distributed Clark Runoff Models using the SCS Curve Number Equation." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE, 34(3) (2009):1098-1106. doi: 10.1061/ASCEHE.1943-5584.0000100.

Chidaz, A., M. Mohseni Saravi, and M. Vafakhah, "Evaluation of HEC-HMS Model for Estimating Flood Hydrograph in Kasilian Watershed. Journal of Watershed Research (Research and Development), 22(3) (2009): 71-59. (In Persian)

Saghafian, B., B. Ghermezcheshmeh, and M. M. Kheirkhah, "Iso-Flood severity mapping: a New Tool for Distributed Flood Source Identification." Natural Hazards, 55(2) (2010): 557-570. doi: 10.1007/s11069-010-9547-0.

Golian, S., B. Saghafian, and R. Maknoon. "Derivation of probabilistic thresholds of spatially Distributed Rainfall for flood forecasting. " Water Resources Management, (24) (2010): 3547-3559. Doi: 10.1007/s11269-010-9619-7.

Ghavidelfar, S., S. R. Alvankar, and A. Razmkhah, "Comparison of the Lumped and Quasi-distributed Clark Runoff Models in Simulating Flood Hydrographs on a Semi-arid Watershed." Water Resources Management, 25(6) (2011): 1775-1790. doi: 10.1007/s11269-011-9774-5.

Bakhtyari-kia, M., S. Pirasteh, B. Pradhan, A. R. Mahmud, W. N. A. Sulaiman, and A. Moradi. "An Artificial Neural Network Model for Flood Simulation Using GIS." Johor River Basin, Malaysia. Environmental Earth Sciences, 67(1) (2012): 251-264. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-1504-z.

Shafapour Tehrany, M., B. Pradhan, and M. N. Jebur, "Spatial Prediction of Flood Susceptible Areas Using Rule Based Decision Tree (DT) and a Novel Ensemble Bivariate and Multivariate Statistical Models in GIS." Journal of Hydrology. 504 (2013): 69-79. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016j. jhydrol. 2013. 09.034.

Halwatura, D., and M. M. M. Najim. "Application of the HEC-HMS model for runoff simulation in a tropical catchment." Environmental Modelling & Software, (46) (2013): 155-162. Doi: 10.1016/J.envsoft.2013.03.006.

Shabanlou, S., "Calculation of Flood Hydrograph for Karun Basin by Different Methods, Agricultural Communications." 2(2) (2014): 54-61.

Jiang, Y., C. M. Liu, X. Y. Li, L. F. Liu, and H. R. Wang. "Rainfall-runoff modeling, parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis in a semiarid catchment." Environmental Modelling & Software, (67) (2015): 72-88. Doi: 10.1016/J.envsoft.2015.01.008.

Roy, A. and R. Thomas. "A Comparative Study on the Derivation of Unit Hydrograph for Bharathapuzha River Basin." Procedia Technology, International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Science and Thechnology (ICETEST-2015), 24 (2016): 62-69.

Saghafian, B., S. Noroozpour, M. Kiani, and A. Rafieei Nasab. "A coupled Modclark-curve number rainfall-runon-runoff model." Arabian Journal of Geosciences, springer, 9 (4) (2016): 277, 2-13, DOI 10.1007/s12517-015-2295-4.

Rezaei M., M. Vafakhah, and B. Ghermezcheshmeh. "Spatial variability using a flood response method in Khanmirza watershed." Scientific-Research Journal of Engineering and Watershed Management, 8(1) (2016): 139-150. (In Persian)

Water Research Institute, Project reports of Gorganroud flood warning system, 2010.

Kull, D. W., A. D. Feldman, and M. S. Yang, "Evaluation of Clark’s unit graph method to spatially distributed Runoff." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, ASCE, 4(1) (1998): 89-99. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(1999)4:1(89).

Alvankar, S. R., B. Saghafian, and H. Sedghi. "Effect of pixel size of a Hydrologic model on Simulation of flood peak." Journal of Agricultural Sciences Islamic Azad University, 12 (2) (2006): 329-344 (in persian).

Viessman, W., T. E. Harbaugh, and J. Knapp, "Introduction to Hydrology." Index Educational, (1972): 760 pages.

Shabanlou, S. and A. Rajabi, "Comparison of Estimated Flood Hydrographs using Lumped and Distributed Models." Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 7(1) (2012): 79-87.


Full Text: PDF

DOI: 10.28991/cej-030961

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Copyright (c) 2018 Masoumeh Gharib, Bagher Ghermezcheshmeh, Hasan Ahmadi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
x
Message